Intestinal Research

Screening Colonoscopy for Average Risk Individuals in Singapore: Tiing Leong Ang, Kwong Ming Fock; Intest Res 2012;10(3):219-228. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.219

Abstract PDF: In Singapore colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer for males, second most common cancer for females and most common cancer overall. A national CRC screening program for average risks individuals was started in July 2011, with the primary test modality being the faecal immunochemical test. Individuals may choose to undergo screening colonoscopy directly. Colonoscopy has two roles in CRC screening. It is performed either as a primary screening test or used to evaluate abnormal results from another screening test. Colonoscopy is a safe and effective procedure but potential risks exist. Local complications such as perforation and bleeding, cardiopulmonary events and even mortality may occur. Additionally there could be failed cecal intubation and missed lesions. It is imperative that prior to colonoscopy, there is a proper discussion of risks, benefits and alternatives. To provide quality assurance for colonoscopy in the CRC screening program, a set of quality indicators and criteria for endoscopists and endoscopy centres was established. The endoscopists must be qualified specialists with a lifetime experience of at least 500 colonoscopies and 50 polypectomies, and need to meet annual monitoring parameters that include at least 50 colonoscopies, >95% cecal intubation rate, >95% recovery rate of excised polyps, and withdrawal time of at least 6 minutes. In addition, complication rates must be within acceptable limits such as perforation rate of less than 0.1% and postpolypectomy bleeding rate less than 1%. (Intest Res 2012;10: 1-228)

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Can an Aspirin a Day Keep the Colorectal Cancer Away?: Ari Leshno, Amira Gat-Harlap, Nadir Arber; Intest Res 2012;10(3):229-234. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.229

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health concern. The progression of normal mucosa through adenoma to overt adenocarcinomas span over more than a decade. It provides a window of opportunities for early detection as well as the use of chemopreventive agents such as aspirin. Indeed, CRC can be prevented in up to 80-90% of the cases providing that physicians and patients compliance with current preventive strategies is high. Epidemiological and clinical randomised studies have clearly demonstrated an association between increasing aspirin use and incidence, prevalence and mortality from CRC. Although the evidence supporting the effect of aspirin on colorectal adenomas (CRA) and CRC prevention is consistent, a greater understanding of its mode of action is still needed. Incorporating CRC and CRA benefits into ischemic heart disease (IHD) and Alzheimer disease risk scores would be particularly useful for determining the benefit-to-risk ratio for aspirin use in borderline cases. For instance, patients with a border line annual IHD risk, around 0.7-1.4%, but with a high risk for CRC may still benefit from aspirin usage. (Intest Res 2012;10: 0-234)

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Clinical Application of Genetics in Management of Colorectal Cancer
Eun Ran Kim, Young-Ho Kim
Intestinal Research.2014; 12(3): 184. CrossRef

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Capsule Endoscopy-Where Are We at 2011 and Where Are We Headed?: Rami Eliakim; Intest Res 2012;10(3):235-243. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.235

Abstract PDF

Since its introduction over 10 years ago, capsule endoscopy has become an important investigational tool of small bowel, and thereafter of esophageal and colonic pathologies. Over the years, 2nd generation capsules were developed for all three sites, as was a non-video 2nd generation agile patency capsule to confirm functional patency of the GI tract. Three additional competitive small bowel video capsules have been introduced as well (EndoCapsule, Miro capsule and the OMOM capsule). The present review will describe the available capsules in the market, the procedure itself, present indications and future expectations. (Intest Res 2012;10: 0-243)

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Indications for Detection, Completion, and Retention Rates of Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy Based on the 10-Year Data from the Korean Capsule Endoscopy Registry
Yun Jeong Lim, Oh Young Lee, Yoon Tae Jeen, Chi Yeon Lim, Dae Young Cheung, Jae Hee Cheon, Byong Duk Ye, Hyun Joo Song, Jin Su Kim, Jae Hyuk Do, Kwang Jae Lee, Ki-Nam Shim, Dong Kyung Chang, Cheol Hee Park, Byung Ik Jang, Jeong Seop Moon, Hoon Jai Chun, M
Clinical Endoscopy.2015; 48(5): 399. CrossRef
Long-Term Outcomes of NSAID-Induced Small Intestinal Injury Assessed by Capsule Endoscopy in Korea: A Nationwide Multicenter Retrospective Study
Ki-Nam Shim, Eun Mi Song, Yoon Tae Jeen, Jin-Oh Kim, Seong Ran Jeon, Dong Kyung Chang, Hyun Joo Song, Yun Jeong Lim, Jin Soo Kim, Byong Duk Ye, Cheol Hee Park, Seong Woo Jeon, Jae Hee Cheon, Kwang Jae Lee, Ji Hyun Kim, Byung Ik Jang, Jeong Seop Moon, Hoon
Gut and Liver.2015; 9(6): 727. CrossRef

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Frequency of Bone Marrow Toxicity by Using Pattern of Azathioprine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Kyung Hee Hyun, Suck-Ho Lee, Jae Min Shin, Dong Il Park, Chang Kyun Lee, Jeong Eun Shin, Chang Soo Eun, Kyu Chan Huh, Young Hwangbo; Intest Res 2012;10(3):244-250. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.244

Abstract PDF

Background/Aims
The most important adverse effect of azathioprine (AZA) is bone marrow toxicity (BMT). Many physicians have preferred a gradual dose increment (GDI) policy for the prevention of BMT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of GDI for the prevention of AZA-induced BMT in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods: The medical records of IBD patients who received AZA in 6 university hospitals were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: the GDI group (initial dose ＜1.5 mg/kg, gradually increased to a therapeutic dose) and the non-GDI group (initial therapeutic dose ≥2 mg/kg). Results: A total of 308 patients were enrolled (male to female ratio, 1:2.3; mean age, 34.91±14.19 years; ulcerative colitis, 43.5%; Crohn's disease, 55.2%; and intermediate colitis, 1.3%). The overall incidence of BMT was 16.2% (50/308). BMT developed most frequently between fourth to eighth week (26%, 13/50). The rate of BMT of the non-GDI group was significantly higher than that of the GDI group (27.5%, 11/40 vs. 14.6%, 39/268, P=0.038). A multivariate analysis showed that the only factor related to BMT was a non-GDI policy (P=0.036; odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-5.49). Conclusions: A GDI policy could be useful for reducing AZA-induced BMT in Korean IBD patients. (Intest Res 2012;10: 0-250)

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Use of Thiopurines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Consensus Statement by the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID)
Kang-Moon Lee, You Sun Kim, Geom Seog Seo, Tae Oh Kim, Suk-Kyun Yang
Intestinal Research.2015; 13(3): 193. CrossRef
Determining the Dose of Azathioprine Based on the Lower Limit of Leukocyte Count in Patients with Crohn's Disease
Geom Seog Seo
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2013; 62(2): 83. CrossRef
How Should Azathioprine Be Dosed in Crohn's Disease? A Novel Strategy of Maximum Dose-titration Based on the Lower Limit of Leukocyte Count and Tolerability
Chang Sup Lim, Won Moon, Seun Ja Park, Moo In Park, Jeong Moon Choi, Jae Hoon Yoo, Jong Bin Kim, Jun Sik Lee
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2013; 62(2): 111. CrossRef

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Predictors of Steroid Treatment Failure and Validation of Previous Models for Severe Attacks of Ulcerative Colitis: Jung-Wook Kim, Hyo Jong Kim, Chang Kyun Lee, Hyuck Kim, A Ri Shin, Kyung Hwan Kang, Min Kyoung Kim, Hyun Jin Park, Hoe Hoon Chung, Eun Jung Hwang; Intest Res 2012;10(3):251-264. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.251

Abstract PDF

Background/Aims
Some clinical and laboratory parameter are predictors to determine steroid treatment failure in patients acute severe ulcerative colitis. We aimed to validate previous models in the Korean patients. Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively with 70 patients who were diagnosed with severe ulcerative colitis (UC) between January 2001 and June 2011. The rate of treatment failure was investigated using predictors or numerical scoring systems from prior studies. Results: Twelve (17.2%) patients failed to respond to steroid therapy. The logistic regression analysis revealed that stool frequency on the fifth day and colonic dilatation were the only independent predictive factors related to treatment failure. Formulated numerical risk scores based on mean stool frequency, colonic dilatation, and hypoalbuminemia were significantly higher in the non-responding group than those in the responding group (P＜0.001). Using another scoring system (stool frequency on the third day＋1.4×C-reactive protein [CRP]), treatment failure rate was significantly higher in the group in which the score was ＞8 than in the group with a score ＜8 (30.8% vs. 8.6%, P=0.042). Lastly, treatment failure rate was higher in the group (stool frequency ＞8 plus CRP ＞4.5 mg/dL or bloody stool plus CRP ＞4.3 mg/dL) than those of the other group at the third day (40% vs. 7.3%, P=0.004; 33.3% vs. 5.2%, P=0.014, respectively). Conclusions: Stool frequency and CRP level were the meaningful parameters among the predictors for steroid treatment response. Furthermore, several predictive models for steroid treatment failure in western countries seem to be of value for use in the Korean population. (Intest Res 2012;10: 0-264)

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Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis in Korea
Ho-Su Lee, Suk-Kyun Yang, Jae Seung Soh, Seohyun Lee, Jung Ho Bae, Hyo Jeong Lee, Sang Hyoung Park, Dong-Hoon Yang, Kyung-Jo Kim, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Yong Sik Yoon, Chang Sik Yu, Jin-Ho Kim
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2015; 21(8): 1825. CrossRef

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Recurrence of Colorectal Neoplasm Cannot Be Predicted by Sonic Hedgehog Expression in the Normal Colonic Tissue: Ji Young Lee, Sun-Young Lee, Hye Seung Han, So Young Kim, Sung Noh Hong, Jeong Hwan Kim, In Kyung Sung, Hyung Seok Park, Chan Sup Shim, Choon Jo Jin; Intest Res 2012;10(3):265-271. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.265

Abstract PDF: Background/Aims
The expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the colon cancer cell has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, the association between Shh expression in the normal colonic mucosa and the recurrence of colorectal neoplasm after tumor resection has not been well documented. The aim of the study was to determine the association between Shh expression in the normal colonic mucosa and in the recurrence of colorectal neoplasm. Methods: Fifty-five patients who underwent a long-term follow-up colonoscopy after the colorectal neoplasm resection were included. At the time of the tumor resection, Shh expression in the normal colonic mucosa was examined. The association between Shh expression in the normal colonic mucosa and the recurrence of colorectal neoplasm was analyzed. Results: In total, 97 colorectal neoplasms were detected among 41 subjects after a mean follow-up period of 63 weeks (range 27-254 weeks). Of 55 subjects, 26 (47.3%) exhibited positive Shh expression in the normal colonic tissue, and the recurrence rate did not differ with the degree of Shh expression (P=0.238). The degree of Shh expression was not associated with the number (P=0.389), size (P=0.928), location (P=0.410), pathologic types (P=0.127), or time of recurrence (P=0.711) of the recurred colorectal neoplasm. Conclusions: Most colorectal neoplasm patients show recurrence after the resection and exhibit Shh expression in the normal colonic tissue. The degree of Shh expression in the normal colonic mucosa does not predict the recurrence of colorectal neoplasm. (Intest Res 2012;10: 0-271)

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Comparison of Bowel Preparation Quality between Clear-liquid Diet and No Diet Restriction: Woo Shin Jeong, Dong Il Park, Hyo Sun Seok, Seong Eun Kim, Suck-Ho Lee, Chang Kyun Lee, Chang Soo Eun, Dong Soo Han; Intest Res 2012;10(3):272-279. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.272

Abstract PDF

Background/Aims
Adequate bowel preparation is essential for full visualization of colonic mucosa because detection of small polyps and neoplasms depends on the quality of bowel cleansing. The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy, tolerability of preparation and side effect between two groups: clear-liquid diet with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution versus no diet restriction with PEG solution. Methods: This was a randomized single-blind prospective study. A total of 330 patients were randomly assigned to receive either 2 L PEG solution with a clear-liquid diet on the day before colonoscopy and another 2 L PEG solution on the day of the procedure (group 1) or 2 L PEG solution with a general diet on the day before colonoscopy and another 2 L PEG solution on the day of the procedure (group 2). Results: 162 patients were assigned to group 1 and 168 patients to group 2. The satisfactory quality of bowel preparation was not significantly different between the two groups (80.2%, 78.6%, P=0.707). Patient's compliance of the clear-liquid diet in group 1 was 50%. The satisfactory quality of bowel preparation was weakly better when the clear-liquid diet was given 2 or 3 times a day (group 1A) than 0 or once a day (group 1B) (74.1%, 86.4%, P=0.048). The tolerability of the PEG solution and side effects of preparation were not significantly different in the two groups (P=0.573, 0.686). Conclusions: Bowel preparation with no diet restriction and split-dose PEG solution was similar to preparation with a clear-liquid diet in efficacy, tolerability and side effect. Therefore, the use of the clear-liquid diet protocol should improve patient's compliance. (Intest Res 2012;10: 0-279)

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Comparative Study on Bowel Preparation Efficacy of Ascorbic Acid Containing Polyethylene Glycol by Adding Either Simethicone or 1 L of Water in Health Medical Examination Patients: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Se Hwan Yeo, Jae Hoon Kwak, Yeo Un Kim, Tae Ho Kwon, Jeong Bae Park, Jun Hyung Park, Yong Kook Lee, Yun Jeong Lim, Chang Heon Yang
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 67(4): 189. CrossRef

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Efficacy of Hood-cap Assisted Colonoscopy; Comparison with Conventional Colonoscopy: Sung Won Choi, Hee Seung Park, Jae Seung Lee, Sang Yon Hwang, Sung Dong Kwak, Seong Ho Choi; Intest Res 2012;10(3):280-288. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.280

Abstract PDF

Background/Aims
A few studies showed that hood-cap assisted colonoscopy (CAC) had improved cecal intubation rate and cecal intubation time but did not help in finding colon polyps in comparison with conventional colonoscopy (CC). However, other studies have shown different results. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of CAC for the cecal intubation time and polyp detection rate. Methods: Patients for colonoscopy in Busan St. Mary's Medical Center were enrolled to this randomized controlled trial between July 2010 and September 2010. The evaluated outcomes were polyp detection rate, adenoma detection rate, and cecal intubation time in all patients, in difficult cases (history of previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, obesity, old age), and in the expert and non-expert groups. Results: A total of 260 patients enrolled in this study were randomly allocated to the CAC group (n=130), or CC group (n=130). The overall cecal intubation time was shorter in the CAC group (5.7±3.4 min vs. 7.8±5.7 min, P＜0.001). The polyp detection rate was higher in the CAC group (58.4% vs. 43%, P=0.008). The cecal intubation time in the expert and non-expert groups were shorter in the CAC group (expert: 4.1±2.2 min vs. 5.5±2.0 min, P=0.001; non-expert: 6.7±3.7 min vs. 9.4±5.9 min, P=0.001). Conclusions: The use of CAC improved the detection rate of colon polyps and shortened the cecal intubation time for both the expert and non-expert groups. (Intest Res 2012;10: 0-288)

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The Role of Behind Folds Visualizing Techniques and Technologies in Improving Adenoma Detection Rate
K.E. van Keulen, E. Soons, P.D. Siersema
Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology.2019; 17(3): 394. CrossRef
The efficacy of cap-assisted colonoscopy performed by a single endoscopist in patients after colorectal resection
Im-kyung Kim, Jeonghyun Kang, Seung Hyuk Baik, Kang Young Lee, Seung-Kook Sohn
Medicine.2016; 95(37): e4869. CrossRef
Usefulness of Polyp and Adenoma Detection Rate in the Proximal and Distal Colon
Sung Youn Choi, Dong Il Park, Chang Kyun Lee, Jae Myung Cha, Suck Ho Lee, Young Whangbo, Chang Soo Eun, Dong Soo Han, Bo In Lee, Jeong Eun Shin
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2014; 63(1): 11. CrossRef
The Effect of Indigocarmine on Improvement of the Polyp Detection Rate during Colonoscopic Examination with Hood Cap
Sang Chang Kwon, Sung Won Choi, Seong Ho Choi, Hee Seung Park, Seung Heon Lee, Bong Gun Kim, Eun Hee Seo, Mun Jang, Seung Min Ryu, Dong Hyun Kim, Young Hoon Kim, Jun Ouk Ha, Jae Seung Lee
Intestinal Research.2014; 12(1): 60. CrossRef

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Recurrent Acute Pericarditis Induced by 5-aminosalicylates in a Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Ra Choi, Mi Na Kim, Ji Hoon Lee, Yong Kang Lee, Yoon Hea Park, Hye Sun Shin, Tak Geun Oh, Hee Jin Park, Min Suk Park, Seungtaek Lim, Soo Jung Park, Sung Pil Hong, Tae Il Kim, Won Ho Kim, Jae Hee Cheon; Intest Res 2012;10(3):289-294. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.289

Abstract PDF: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic chronic inflammation of the intestines. IBD treatment may require anti-inflammatory agents such as sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) and immunomodulators to control the symptoms. However, these agents have a variety of common adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, skin rash, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and infections. Moreover, rare side effects such as nephrotic syndrome, pneumonitis, and pericarditis can occur. A 21-year-old male was admitted to the hospital due to acute chest pain, fever, and sweating. The patient had a history of Crohn's disease and had been taking mesalazine for 3 weeks. Chest x-ray, echocardiography, and clinical manifestations revealed that the patient had acute pericarditis. However, we did not recognize the relationship between these findings and 5-ASA at that time. Two years later, the patient took 5-ASA again, and similar symptoms occurred, which led us to confirm that he suffered from pericarditis induced by this drug. We report a case of acute recurrent pericarditis that developed after taking 5-ASA for IBD treatment with a review of the literature. (Intest Res 2012;10: 0-294)

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A Case of Mixed Hyperplastic-adenomatous Rectal Polyp with Composition of Invasive Adenocarcinoma: Hyo Rim Seo, Ji Hyun Kim, Soo Jin Jung, Yun Jung Choi, Choong Heon Ryu, Kwan Sik Park, Seoung In Ha, Eun Uk Jung, Sang Heon Lee, Sung Jae Park, Jung Sik Choi, Sam Ryong Jee, Youn Jae Lee, Sang Young Seol; Intest Res 2012;10(3):295-299. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.295

Abstract PDF: Epithelial colon polyps are largely divided into hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps. Adenomatous polyps are premalignant lesions, whereas hyperplastic polyps are regarded as benign lesions. However, this histological classification has been blurred, as cases of malignant changes in hyperplastic polyposis, mixed hyperplastic adenomatous polyps (MHAPs), and serrated adenomas in the colon have been reported. Rare cases of MHAP have been reported, and are mainly found at the proximal colon with a relatively large size. MHAPs seem to be an intermediate stage of the hyperplastic polyp-adenoma sequence or a collision tumor. Here, we report on a case of a single polyp in the rectum diagnosed with a MHAP combined with an invasive adenocarcinoma. (Intest Res 2012;10: 0-299)

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A Case of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Presenting as a Small Intestinal Stricture: Jae Bum Park, Joong Goo Kwon, Jae Young Oh, Ji-Min Han, Jin Tae Jung, Eun Young Kim, Ho Gak Kim, Hun Mo Ryoo, Hyun Dong Chae, Chang Ho Cho; Intest Res 2012;10(3):300-304. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.300

Abstract PDF: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), accounting for 3-10% of NHL. MCL involves the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in 10-30% of patients and common sites of MCL GI tract involvement are the colorectum and stomach, but any region of the GI tract may be involved. GI tract involvement by MCL usually presents in the form of multiple lymphomatous polyposis involving several segments of the GI tract. A few cases of MCL presenting with a GI tract stricture have been reported. Here, we present a rare case of a small intestinal stricture caused by MCL and review the literature of this disease. (Intest Res 2012;10: 0-304)

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A Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Manifesting First as Mesenteric Vasculitis: Gun Hwa Lee, Chang Soo Eun, June Seok Song, Il Hwan Oh, Suk Hyun Jung, Hye Sun Park, Yong Chul Jun, Ju Hyun Sohn, Dong Soo Han; Intest Res 2012;10(3):305-308. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.305

Abstract PDF: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem inflammatory disease that manifests various symptoms. Mesenteric vasculitis (MV) is one of the serious complications of SLE and carries a high mortality rate. Although MV is the main cause for acute abdominal pain in patients with SLE, it is very rare for the pain to be the first clinical manifestation of the disease. A 34-year old female presented with sudden onset abdominal pain accompanied by small intestinal bowel edema observed on abdominal computed tomography. We performed a diagnostic laparoscopy, as vital signs were becoming unstable and the diffuse abdominal tenderness was worsening rapidly. The examination showed a severe jejunal infarction; thus, the patient underwent a small bowel segmental resection. A histological examination revealed multiple, hemorrhagic, small-vessel vasculitis, and later serologic autoimmune markers were consistent with SLE. We suggest that SLE be considered in the differential diagnosis of young females presenting with an acute abdomen and unexplained enteropathy. A surgical approach such as exploratory laparoscopy could be an option in search for the cause. (Intest Res 2012;10: 0-308)

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A Case of Abdominal Actinomycosis Presenting as Ileocecal Ulcers and Recurrent Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Jin Young Park, Sok Won Han, Chang Whan Kim, Tae Ho Kim, Jae Hyuck Chang, Il Ho Maeng, Mi Jeong Lee, Yun Sun Im, Ji Hun Kim, Sung Min Nam; Intest Res 2012;10(3):309-313. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.309

Abstract PDF: Abdominal actinomycosis is a rare chronic suppurative infection that is difficult to diagnose precisely without an operation. It also tends to be misdiagnosed as a malignancy, intestinal tuberculosis, diverticular disease, or Crohn's disease. A 54-year-old man presented with loose stools, hematochezia, and vague abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. He had had a history of hematochezia and recurrent colon ulcers on colonoscopy seven times within the past 3 years. A colonoscopy at admission revealed multiple, variably sized and shaped ulcerations in the terminal ileum, cecum, and ascending and transverse colons. Biopsies from the cecal ulcer demonstrated sulfur granules. This is the first cases of abdominal actinomycosis presenting as a recurrent lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to ileocolic ulcerations in Korea. (Intest Res 2012;10: 0-313)

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Colonoscopic Polypectomy and Long-term Prevention of Colorectal-cancer Deaths(New Engl J Med 2012;366:687-696): Hoon Sup Koo, Kyu Chan Huh; Intest Res 2012;10(3):314-316. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.3.314

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S. Yazdan Dokht Ghaffari, Ramin Azhogh
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