Intestinal Research

Clostridium difficile Infection: What's New?: Geom Seog Seo; Intest Res 2013;11(1):1-13. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2013.11.1.1

Since 2000, Clostridium difficile infection has increased substantially in both hospital-acquired and community-acquired diarrhea, not only in North America but also in Europe. There was a steady increase in the incidence and severity of C. difficile infection over the past decade, associated with significantly higher morbidity and mortality. The major risk factors for C. difficile infection appear to be the use of new antimicrobial therapy, long-term hospitalization in old age and emerging hypervirulent strains, such as various ribotypes. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of C. difficile infection is necessary for appropriate treatment as well as reliable epidemiological data. Currently available treatment options are withdrawal of the suspected offending antibiotics and then treating patients with highly effective antibiotics for C. difficile. Multiple recurrence or acute fulminant C. difficile infection could be treated with fecal microbiota transplantation. Promising therapies for treating C. difficile infection should always be equipped with high efficacy and safety in the future. (Intest Res 2013;11:1-13)

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Analysis of Risk Factors and Evaluation of Medication Use Affecting Clostridioides Difficile Infections (CDIs) in Adults in a Single Tertiary Hospital
Jin Seon Beom, Mi Seon Park, Da Gyeom Seol, Mi Kyeong Moon, Hyo Cho Ahn
Journal of Korean Society of Health-System Pharmacists.2024; 41(3): 237. CrossRef
Nationwide Survey of Stool Culture Methods for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Gastroenteritis in Korea, 2016
Jung-Hyun Byun, Soo In Oh, Hyunwoong Park, Sunjoo Kim, Jeong-Hwan Shin
Journal of Laboratory Medicine and Quality Assurance.2017; 39(1): 23. CrossRef
Refractory pseudomembranous colitis that was treated successfully with colonoscopic fecal microbial transplantation
Jun Young Shin, Eun Jung Ko, Seung Ho Lee, Jong Bum Shin, Shin Il Kim, Kye Sook Kwon, Hyung Gil Kim, Yong Woon Shin, Byoung Wook Bang
Intestinal Research.2016; 14(1): 83. CrossRef
Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of Clostridium difficile Infection after Treatment with Tuberculosis Medication
Yu Mi Lee, Kyu Chan Huh, Soon Man Yoon, Byung Ik Jang, Jeong Eun Shin, Hoon Sup Koo, Yunho Jung, Sae Hee Kim, Hee Seok Moon, Seung Woo Lee
Gut and Liver.2016; 10(2): 250. CrossRef
Clinical Characterization ofClostridium difficileInfection in Elderly Patients
Seong Ran Jeon
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 67(2): 61. CrossRef
What's the Clinical Features of Colitis in Elderly People in Long-Term Care Facilities?
So Yoon Yoon, Sung-Ae Jung, Sun-Kyung Na, Jae-In Ryu, Hye-Won Yun, Min-Jin Lee, Eun-Mi Song, Seong-Eun Kim, Hye-Kyung Jung, Ki-Nam Shim
Intestinal Research.2015; 13(2): 128. CrossRef
RefractoryClostridium difficileInfection Cured With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Colonized Patient
Mi-Ok Jang, Jun Hwan An, Sook-In Jung, Kyung-Hwa Park
Intestinal Research.2015; 13(1): 80. CrossRef
Clostridium difficilein Children: To Treat or Not to Treat?
Jung Ok Shim
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2014; 17(2): 80. CrossRef
Long-Term Clinical Outcome ofClostridium difficileInfection in Hospitalized Patients: A Single Center Study
Young Seok Doh, You Sun Kim, Hye Jin Jung, Young Il Park, Jin Won Mo, Hyun Sung, Kyung Jin Lee, Young Ki Seo, Jeong Seop Moon, Seong Woo Hong
Intestinal Research.2014; 12(4): 299. CrossRef
Is the Environment of the Endoscopy Unit a Reservoir of Pathogens?
Eun Sung Choi, Jae Hyuk Choi, Jung Min Lee, Sang Min Lee, Yoo Jin Lee, Yu Jin Kang, Eun Soo Kim, Kwang Bum Cho, Kyung Sik Park, Byoung Kuk Jang, Jae Seok Hwang, Woo Jin Chung, Nam Hee Ryoo, Seong Woo Jeon, Min Kyu Jung
Intestinal Research.2014; 12(4): 306. CrossRef

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Variable Clinical Classifications and Diagnostic Coding Systems of Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor: Byung Chang Kim, Cheol Hee Park, Tae Il Kim, Suck-Ho Lee, Jin-Oh Kim, Hyun Soo Kim, Dong-Hoon Yang, Bora Keum, Sung Pil Hong, Seong-Eun Kim, Hyun Gun Kim, Jeong Eun Shin, Jae Myung Cha, Young Eun Joo, Dong Il Park, Hwang Choi, Kyu Chan Huh, Seung-Jae Myung, Dong Kyung Chang, Seun Ja Park; Intest Res 2013;11(1):14-22. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2013.11.1.14

Abstract PDF

The incidence of colorectal carcinoid tumor is recently increasing as screening colonoscopy increased. Traditional carcinoid tumor had been known as low grade, malignant neuroendocrine cell orign tumor. In 2000, World Health Organization (WHO) suggested that carcinoid was called well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET). It recently updated in 2010 by WHO; according to the differentiation and malignant potential, NET classified with NET Grade 1, Grade 2, and neuroendocrine carcinoma. They suggested that NET had malignant potential in accordance with histopathologic characteristics. Therefore, WHO recommended the behavior code of NET as malignant. However, European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) proposed the behavior of NET to four grades based on the histopathologic features; benign, benign or low grade malignant, low grade malignant, and high grade malignant. Also, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) suggested that topography codes of NET were defined as malignant. Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD) described the different codings of carcinoid (NET). The discrepancies of behavior code or coding system exist among WHO, ENETS, AJCC and KCD. Also, there were differences in the perception for topographic coding system between clinicians and pathologists. NETs of colorectum were reported with the variable clinical characteristics (especially, metastasis) and long term prognosis from many studies. Especially, risk of metastasis and long term prognosis of small sized NET (<1 cm) had some discrepancies and should be investigated prospectively. Therefore, the consensus about topographic codes of NET should be needed with multidisplinary approach among gastroenterologists, pathologists and surgeons. (Intest Res 2013;11:14-22)

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Efficacy of Precut Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Treatment of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors
Hoonsub So, Su Hyun Yoo, Seungbong Han, Gwang-un Kim, Myeongsook Seo, Sung Wook Hwang, Dong-Hoon Yang, Jeong-Sik Byeon
Clinical Endoscopy.2017; 50(6): 585. CrossRef
Diagnostic Coding for Intramucosal Carcinoma and Neuroendocrine Tumor in the Colorectum: Proposal for Avoiding Confusing Coding in Korea
Dong Soo Han, Jin Hee Sohn, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Hwang Choi, Joon Mee Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2015; 48(3): 216. CrossRef
Highlights from the 50th Seminar of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Eun Young Kim, Il Ju Choi, Kwang An Kwon, Ji Kon Ryu, Seok Ho Dong, Ki Baik Hahm
Clinical Endoscopy.2014; 47(4): 285. CrossRef

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Clinical Predictors Associated with the Severity of Colonic Diverticulitis: Su Jin Lee, Jeong Eun Shin, Sun Young Cho, Hoon Choi, Do Hyun Lee, Woo Hee Cho, Ha Yan Kang, Bae Hwan Kim, Joon Hyuk Lee, Hyun Duk Shin, Il Han Song; Intest Res 2013;11(1):23-27. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2013.11.1.23

Abstract PDF

Background/Aims
Colonic diverticular diseases are increasing in Korea due to aging of the population and westernization of people's lifestyle. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical predictors associated with the severity of colonic diverticulitis in Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 107 patients who were hospitalized with diverticulitis and underwent abdominopelvic computerized tomography at Dankook University Hospital between March 2002 and August 2011. The severity of colonic diverticulitis was evaluated by using Modified Hinchey classification, stage 0 to stage Ia were classified as mild group and stage Ib to stage IV were classified as severe group. Patients' records were assessed for age, sex, underlying diseases, history of diverticulitis, associated symptoms, location of diverticulitis, white blood cells, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: Male to female ratio was 1.6:1 with the mean age of 43.1 years. Eighty-three patients (77.6%) were in the mild group and 24 patients (22.4%) were in the severe group. In multivariated analysis, the clinical predictors associated with the severity of colonic diverticulitis were left location (odds ratio [OR], 7.268; P=0.030), duration of symptoms (≥3 days; OR, 4.174; P=0.022), and elevated CRP (≥5 mg/dL; OR, 4.576; P=0.018). Conclusions: Left location, duration of symptom, and elevated CRP were the meaningful predictors for severity of colonic diverticulitis. When confronting with patients with these risk factors, we should keep in mind about the possibility of severe diverticulitis. (Intest Res 2013;11:23-27)

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Is Colonoscopy Necessary after Computed Tomography Diagnosis of Acute Diverticulitis?
Min Jung Kim, Young Sik Woo, Eun Ran Kim, Sung Noh Hong, Dong Kyung Chang, Poong-Lyul Rhee, Jae J. Kim, Soon Jin Lee, Young-Ho Kim
Intestinal Research.2014; 12(3): 221. CrossRef

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The Effect of Transfection of RET9 and RET51 on Apoptosis in SW48 and RKO Colon Cancer Cells: Hyun Il Seo, Dong Il Park; Intest Res 2013;11(1):28-33. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2013.11.1.28

Abstract PDF: Background/Aims
Dependent receptor can transmit both positive signal: proliferation, differentiation or migration; and negative signal: apoptosis. It depends on the presence of its ligand. This study was performed to determine the effects of transfection of dependent receptors in human colon cancer cell lines. Methods: Two dependent receptors (rearranged during transfection [RET]9 and RET51) were transfected into three human colon cancer cell lines: SW48, RKO and V400. Then, half of them were treated with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Using ELISA and caspase assay, apoptosis was measured. Dose-response relation between GDNF and apoptosis was also analyzed. A pcDNA was used as an empty vector. Results: After transfection of RET51, apoptosis was increased in SW48 (70% with ELISA and 119% with caspase assay) and RKO (255% with ELISA and 106% with caspase assay) cell lines when compared with the pcDNA group. V400 cell line did not show increased apoptosis. Transfection of RET9 did not induce apoptosis in all of the three human colon cancer cell lines. Treatment with GDNF 12 hours after transfection of RET51 decreased apoptosis in SW48 (66% with ELISA and 60% with caspase assay) and RKO (39% with ELISA and 57% with caspase assay) when compared with the cell lines transfected with RET51 only. Apoptosis was down-regulated with increasing concentration of GDNF in RKO cell line. Conclusions: This study showed that the apoptosis of human colon cancer cell line can be controlled by manipulating the dependent receptors and its ligands. We present the possibility of therapeutic method using dependent receptor in colon cancer. (Intest Res 2013;11:28-33)

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Double Balloon Enteroscopy in a North American Setting: A Large Single Center 5-year Experience: Gulseren Seven, Richard A. Kozarek, Andrew Ross, Shayan Irani, Michael Gluck, Drew Schembre, Johannes Koch, S. Ian Gan; Intest Res 2013;11(1):34-40. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2013.11.1.34

Abstract PDF

Background/Aims
Double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) allows both diagnosis and therapeutic maneuvers in the small bowel. Its use was pioneered in Europe and Asia but there remains a relative paucity of literature from North America. Our aim in this study was to determine diagnostic and therapeutic yield in a North American setting. Methods: A five-year retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing DBE at a single tertiary care North American hospital was performed. Results: Four-hundred fifty-seven procedures, 265 anterograde and 192 retrograde, were performed on 335 patients. The most common indications were obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, small bowel obstruction, and suspected masses and mucosal abnormalities. Total enteroscopy was achieved in 19 of the 89 patients who had both anterograde and retrograde procedures. Overall diagnostic yield in the determination of cause of symptoms or previous imaging was 52%. The most common causes of obscure bleeding were small bowel ulcers (10%), vascular lesions (25%) and neoplasms (10%). The most common causes of small bowel obstruction were strictures, some of which underwent dilation. Other therapeutic interventions included polypectomy, retrieval of retained capsules, stent retrievals and percutaneous enteral jejunostomy tube placement. Overall complication rates were very low (0.6%) and included medication reaction (n=1), scope dysfunction (n=1) and perforation (n=1). Conclusions: DBE can be performed safely and with good diagnostic yield in a single referral center in North America. (Intest Res 2013;11:34-40)

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Device-assisted enteroscopy in the UK: description of a large tertiary case series under conscious sedation
Vijay Pattni, David J Tate, Ana Terlevich, Peter Marden, Steve Hughes
Frontline Gastroenterology.2018; 9(2): 122. CrossRef
Clinical outcome after enteroscopy for small bowel angioectasia bleeding: A Korean Associateion for the Study of Intestinal Disease (KASID) multiceter study
Seong Ran Jeon, Jeong‐Sik Byeon, Hyun Joo Jang, Soo Jung Park, Jong Pil Im, Eun Ran Kim, Ja Seol Koo, Bong Min Ko, Dong Kyung Chang, Jin‐Oh Kim, Su Yeon Park
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2017; 32(2): 388. CrossRef
Exploring the Small Bowel: Update on Deep Enteroscopy
Brian P. Riff, Christopher J. DiMaio
Current Gastroenterology Reports.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Capsule Endoscopy for Portal Hypertensive Enteropathy
Seong Ran Jeon, Jin-Oh Kim
Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef
The Role of Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Multidetector-row Computed Tomography in Diagnosis of Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Jee Hyun Kim, Jong Pil Im
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 67(4): 165. CrossRef
Current status and future perspectives of capsule endoscopy
Hyun Joo Song, Ki-Nam Shim
Intestinal Research.2016; 14(1): 21. CrossRef
Double-Balloon Enteroscopy in Elderly Patients: Is It Safe and Useful?
Dae Han Choi, Seong Ran Jeon, Jin-Oh Kim, Hyun Gun Kim, Tae Hee Lee, Woong Cheul Lee, Byung Soo Kang, Jun-Hyung Cho, Yunho Jung, Wan Jung Kim, Bong Min Ko, Joo Young Cho, Joon Seong Lee, Moon Sung Lee
Intestinal Research.2014; 12(4): 313. CrossRef

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Usefulness of Gastroscope in Patients with Incomplete Colonoscopy: Bong Joon Yang, Yong Hwan Ahn, Seong Ryeol Oh, Jin Soo Chung, Sae Ron Shin, Suck Chei Choi, Yong Ho Nah, Geom Seog Seo; Intest Res 2013;11(1):41-45. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2013.11.1.41

Abstract PDF: Background/Aims
Conventional colonoscopy is limited in some patients with several causes, such as fixed angulation, extensive loop or adhesion. Therefore, small-caliber scopes are considered alternatives to unsuccessful conventional colonoscopy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of gastroscope in patients with unsuccessful colonoscopy. Methods: From May 2008 to April 2009, a total of 2,548 colonoscopies were performed in Wonkwang University Hospital. The gastroscope was used subsequently when conventional colonoscopy failed. Results: There were 27 cases (1.06%) of unsuccessful colonoscopy. The causes of failure were assessed as fixed angulation of the sigmoid colon (59.2%, 16/27), excessive looping (14.8%, 4/27), stricture (14.8%, 4/27), sigmoid diverticulosis (7.4%, 2/27), and adhesion of transverse colon (3.7%, 1/27). The average time of intubation to cecum with the gastroscope was 7 minutes and 28 seconds (range, 2 to 20 minutes). With the gastroscope, 77.8% (21/27) were intubated to the cecum. The pain score of gastroscope was reduced, as compared with that of conventional colonoscopy (4.95 vs. 5.94, P<0.001). Conclusions: Gastroscope would be a useful alternative tool in patients with unsuccessful colonoscopy. (Intest Res 2013;11:41-45)

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The Iatrogenic Complications of Colonoscopic Polypectomy: A Multicenter Retrospective Study: Min Ho Choi, Yun Sun Choi, Chan Soo So, Woon Geon Shin, Kyoung Oh Kim, Hyun Joo Jang, Cheol Hee Park, Kyung Ho Kim, Jin Bae Kim, Il Hyun Baek, Kwang Ho Baik, Sea Hyub Kae, Hak Yang Kim; Intest Res 2013;11(1):46-51. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2013.11.1.46

Abstract PDF

Background/Aims
Colonoscopic polypectomy is an effective tool for the treatment of colonic polyps. With the recent widespread use of colonoscopic polypectomy, there is a growing concern about iatrogenic complications, such as bleeding and perforation. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical presentation and management of complications during colonoscopic polypectomy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of colonoscopic examinations performed at 5 hospitals of Hallym University Medical Center between June 2005 and June 2008. Results: A total of 26,773 colonoscopies and 4,123 colonoscopic polypectomy were performed. The overall rate of complication was 1.04% (43/4,123). Perforation occurred in 0.19% (8/4,123) of cases, and bleeding occurred in 0.85% (35/4,123) of cases. Perforation occurred in 0.05% of snare polypectomies, 1.09% of endoscopic mucosal resections (EMR), and 7.14% of endoscopic submucosal dissections (ESD). Bleeding occurred in 0.8% of snare polypectomies, 1.09% of EMRs, and 3.57% of ESDs. The complication rate of ESDs was higher than in EMRs and snare polypectomies (P<0.001). Endoscopic clippings were performed in 25% of perforation and 66.7% of bleeding cases. Medical treatment was successful in 75% of perforation and 100% of bleeding cases. Conclusions: Colonoscopic polypectomy is a safe procedure for the treatment of colonic polyps, but rarely, serious complications occur. Compared to a snare polypectomy or an EMR, the complication of an ESD occurs more frequently. Endoscopic treatment and further conservative management seems to be appropriate in most cases with complication. (Intest Res 2011;13:46-51)

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Clinical Characteristics of Colonoscopic Perforation and Risk Factors for Complications After Surgical Treatment
Liang Li, Bing Xue, Chunxia Yang, Zhongbo Han, Hongqiang Xie, Meng Wang
Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques.2020; 30(11): 1153. CrossRef
How Should We Manage Iatrogenic Perforation Caused by Colonoscopy?
Eun Sun Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2016; 49(3): 214. CrossRef
Efficacy of Laparoscopic Primary Repair in the Treatment of Colonic Perforation After Colonoscopy: A Review of 40,127 Patients
Wu Zhong, Chongrong Qiu, Chuanyuan Liu, Chuanfa Fang, Laiyang Xia, Junlin Liang, Seng Zhang, Lisheng Chen
Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques.2016; 26(6): e105. CrossRef
The Feasibility of Performing Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Without Previous Experience in Performing Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Dong-Hoon Yang, Gwi Hong Jeong, Yerim Song, Sang Hyoung Park, Soo-Kyung Park, Jong Wook Kim, Kee Wook Jung, Kyung-Jo Kim, Byong Duk Ye, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Jin-Ho Kim, Young Soo Park, Jeong-Sik Byeon
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2015; 60(11): 3431. CrossRef

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A Case of Ischemic Colitis Presenting as Bloody Diarrhea after Glycerin Enema: Jong Min Yoon, Sang Hyun Kim, Jin Sook Lee, Min Jung Kim, Se Won Jang, Yang Jin Kim, Tae Young Jeon; Intest Res 2013;11(1):52-55. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2013.11.1.52

Abstract PDF

Enema has frequently been used for diagnostic or therapeutic purpose. However, cases of colitis from physical, chemical, and thermal injury due to enema have been reported. In severe cases, life threatening complications (perforation, rupture, peritonitis, etc.) may occasionally occur. Reports of ischemic colitis after enema is rare and there have been only 1 case of ischemic colitis after normal saline enema reported in South Korea. Sigmoidoscopy on a 58 year old female, presenting with sudden abdominal pain and hematochezia after glycerin enema, revealed ischemic injury of the rectosigmoid colon, which was improved after using antibiotics and conservative therapy. (Intest Res 2013;11:52-55)

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Ischemic colitis after enema administration: Incidence, timing, and clinical features
Yura Ahn, Gil-Sun Hong, Ju Hee Lee, Choong Wook Lee, Seon-Ok Kim
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 26(41): 6442. CrossRef
Local Management of Constipation: Enemas, Suppositories
Seong-Eun Kim, Jeong Eun Shin, Kyoung Sup Hong, Tae Hee Lee, Bong Eun Lee, Seon-Young Park, Sung Noh Hong, Kee Wook Jung, Kyung Sik Park, Suck Chei Choi
Korean Journal of Medicine.2015; 88(1): 15. CrossRef

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Two Cases of Cecal Schwannoma Which Were Removed by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: Byeong Kwang Choi, Rok Seon Choung, Sang Yup Lee, Tae Un Yang, Sun Hwa Kim, In Kyung Yoo, Sang Kyu Lee, Seung Young Kim, Sung Woo Jung, Ja Seol Koo, Jong Jin Hyun, Hyung Joon Yim, Sang Woo Lee, Jai Hyun Choi; Intest Res 2013;11(1):56-59. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2013.11.1.56

Abstract PDF

Schwannoma in colorectum is a rare subepithelial polyp of mesenchymal origin, which is derived from the neural sheath, and most of reported cases were removed surgically. We, herein, describe two cases of schwannoma of the cecum, which were removed by endoscopic mucosal resection. A 34-year-old man and a 62-year-old man presented with abdominal discomfort and bowel habit change. The patients were diagnosed with a subepithelial tumor in the cecum on colonoscopy and underwent endoscopic mucosal resection under a tentative impression as neuroendocrine tumor, such as carcinoid tumor. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the colonic lesion to be a benign schwannoma. (Intest Res 2013;11:56-59)

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Solitary schwannoma of the ascending colon
Myeong Su Chu, Hyun Mo Kang, Hyeong Ju Sun, Dong Min Kim, Hyong Jong Kwak
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2016; 33(1): 37. CrossRef

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A Case of Sarcomatoid Carcinoma Arising from Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma of Appendix: San Kim, Hyung Wook Kim, Dae Hwan Kang, Choel Woong Choi, Soo Bum Park, Tae Ik Park, Woo Sung Jo, Dong Hyuk Cha; Intest Res 2013;11(1):60-65. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2013.11.1.60

Abstract PDF: Sarcomatoid carcinoma or carcinosarcoma is a very rare biphasic tumor characterized by a combination of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The pathogenesis of sarcomatoid carcinoma is not fully elucidated and the guideline of treatment has not been established yet. Although the upper aerodigestive tract, lung and female urogenital system are known to be the most frequently affected, this tumor also can occur in various sites, including the digestive tract. Since sarcomatoid carcinoma in colon was firstly reported in 1986, 24 cases have been reported to date. We report a rare case with sarcomatoid carcinoma of appendix. Interesting histologic feature of our case was the presence of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with morphological "transition" between carcinomatous and sarcomatous tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first case of sarcomatoid carcinoma arising from mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix. (Intest Res 2013;11:60-65)

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A Case of Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia Diagnosed by Double Balloon Enteroscopy: Jung Min Lee, Jong Bum Kim, Seung Wook Bak, Bong Kyu Lee, Nam Hun Lee, Young Ho Seo; Intest Res 2013;11(1):66-70. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2013.11.1.66

Abstract PDF: Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is a congenital lymphatic disorder characterized by dilated intestinal lacteals resulting in lymph leakage into the small bowel lumen and responsible for protein losing enteropathy. As a result, generalized edema, hypoalbuminemia, and lymphocytopenia are clinically manifested. We could not find the reason by several examinations. Therefore, we performed double balloon enteroscopy (DBE), and intestnal lymphangiectasia was diagnosed histologically by a biopsy. DBE is a safe and effective method to diagnose small bowel lymphangiectasia. We report a case of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, which occurred in a 54-year-old male patient with generalized edema and ascites. (Intest Res 2013;11:66-70)

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The Effect of Aspirin on Survival in Patients with Mutated-PIK3CA Colorectal Cancers: Soon Man Yoon; Intest Res 2013;11(1):71-72. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2013.11.1.71

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