Original Articles
- IBD
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Perianal fistulizing lesions of Crohn’s disease are associated with long-term behavior and its transition: a Chinese cohort study
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Wei Zhan, Xiaoyin Bai, Hong Yang, Jiaming Qian
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Intest Res 2024;22(4):484-495. Published online July 15, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00021
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- Background/Aims
Crohn’s disease (CD) has a progressive nature and commonly perianal involvement. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence, surgical treatment, and outcome of perianal fistulizing CD with associated risk factors in a large Chinese cohort.
Methods
Hospitalized patients diagnosed with CD in our center were consecutively enrolled between January 2000 and December 2018. Transition of disease behavior was classified according to the presence or absence of penetrating behavior (B3 in the Montreal classification) at diagnosis and at a median follow-up of 102 months.
Results
A total of 504 patients were included, of whom 207 (41.1%) were classified as B3 and 348 (69.0%) as L2/3 at follow-up. Transition of behavior to B3 was observed in 86 patients (17.1%). The incidence of perianal fistulizing lesions was 10.9% at 10 years with a final prevalence of 27.0% (n = 136) at the end of follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression identified independent risks of perianal fistulizing lesions for persistent B3 (hazard ratio, 4.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.91–11.66) and behavior transition of progressed to B3 (hazard ratio, 9.90; 95% confidence interval, 4.60–21.33). Perianal surgical treatments were performed in 104 patients (20.6%). Thirty-six cases (7.1%) were refractory, and it is independently associated with behavior of persistent B3 (P= 0.011).
Conclusions
Perianal fistulizing lesions occurred frequently in Chinese CD patients. Its incidence and refractory outcome were closely associated with the penetrating CD behavior. An additional risk of perianal fistulizing lesions was indicated for CD patients with behavior of progressing to B3, suggesting further attention.
- IBD
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Drug therapy and monitoring for inflammatory bowel disease: a multinational questionnaire investigation in Asia
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Chenwen Cai, Juntao Lu, Lijie Lai, Dongjuan Song, Jun Shen, Jinlu Tong, Qing Zheng, Kaichun Wu, Jiaming Qian, Zhihua Ran
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Intest Res 2022;20(2):213-223. Published online April 29, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00031
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Abstract
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- Background/Aims
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising in Asia recently. The study aimed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the current status of drug therapy and monitoring for IBD in Asia.
Methods
A questionnaire investigation on drug therapy and monitoring for IBD was conducted right before the 6th Annual Meeting of Asian Organization for Crohn’s & Colitis. Questionnaires were provided to Asian physicians to fill out via emails between March and May 2018.
Results
In total, responses of 166 physicians from 129 medical centers were included for analysis. Among the surveyed regions, the most average number of IBD specialist gastroenterologists and nurses was 4.8 per center in Taiwan and 2.5 per center in Mainland China, respectively. 5-Aminosalicylic acid/sulfasalazine (99.4%) was the most preferred first-line choice for mild-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC), meanwhile corticosteroid (83.7%) was widely applied for severe UC. The first-line medication for Crohn’s disease (CD) markedly varied as corticosteroid (68.1%) was the most favored in Mainland China, Japan, and South Korea, followed by infliximab (52.4%) and azathioprine (47.0%). Step-up strategy was preferred in mild-moderate UC (96.4%), while 51.8% of the physicians selected top-down treatment for CD. Only 25.9% and 17.5% of the physicians could test blood concentration of infliximab and antibody to infliximab in their hospitals, respectively.
Conclusions
The current status of drug therapy and monitoring for IBD in Asia possesses commonalities as well as differences. Asian recommendations, IBD specialist teams and practice of therapeutic drug monitoring are required to improve IBD management in Asia.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Expression and role of CTHRC1 in inflammatory bowel disease in children
Heng Tang, Xiang Gao, Zhaofang Wu, Jia Chen, Li Chen, Xiang Du
Cytotechnology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Importance of STAT3 signaling in preeclampsia (Review)
Daniela Marzioni, Federica Piani, Nicoletta Di Simone, Stefano Giannubilo, Andrea Ciavattini, Giovanni Tossetta
International Journal of Molecular Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Optimizing Infliximab Use in Real-World Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights from a Population Pharmacokinetic Model Integrating Intravenous and Subcutaneous Formulations
Sung Hoon Jung, Sang-Bum Kang
Gut and Liver.2025; 19(3): 299. CrossRef - New genetic biomarkers predicting 5-aminosalicylate-induced adverse events in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Jihye Park, I. Seul Park, Ji Hyung Kim, Jung Hyun Ji, Soo Jung Park, Jae Jun Park, Tae Il Kim, Seung Won Kim, Jae Hee Cheon
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Primary surgery versus pharmacotherapy for newly diagnosed ileocecal Crohn’s disease: a hospital-based cohort study
Yehyun Park, Soo Jung Park, Tae Il Kim, Won Ho Kim, Jae Hee Cheon
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(5): 759. CrossRef - Signal detection and analysis of sulfasalazine adverse reaction events based on the US FDA adverse event reporting database
Yikuan Du, Lingzhi Zhang, Liang Shi, Zhuoming Guo, Ziyi Luo, Ye Zheng, Yu Zeng, Yin Huang, Jiawen Luo, Xiaochun Guo, Mianda Hu, Yuhong Chen, Jinfeng Zhu, Yi Liu, Chun Yang
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety.2024; : 1. CrossRef - Impact of Concomitant 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Therapy on Vedolizumab Efficacy and Safety in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Post Hoc Analyses of Clinical Trial Data
Ryan C Ungaro, Harisha Kadali, Wenwen Zhang, Shashi Adsul, Walter Reinisch
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2023; 17(12): 1949. CrossRef
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3
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- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
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Incidence and risk factors for venous thrombosis among patients with inflammatory bowel disease in China: a multicenter retrospective study
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Jing Liu, Xiang Gao, Ye Chen, Qiao Mei, Liangru Zhu, Jiaming Qian, Pinjin Hu, Qian Cao
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Intest Res 2021;19(3):313-322. Published online November 25, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2020.00017
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Abstract
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- Background/Aims
Risk of venous thrombosis is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); data on Asian IBD patients is limited and status quo of thrombosis screening and prophylaxis are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the incidence, screening, prophylaxis, and risk factors for venous thrombosis among Asian IBD patients.
Methods
Medical files of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) from 17 hospitals across China between 2011 and 2016 were reviewed for venous thrombosis, use of screening and prophylaxis. A case-control study was performed among hospitalized patients with venous thrombosis and their age-, sex-matched IBD controls hospitalized around the same period; disease characteristics and known provoking factors of venous thrombosis were recorded. Risk factors were analyzed in both univariate and logistic regression analyses.
Results
A total of 8,459 IBD patients were followed for 12,373 person-year. Forty-six patients (0.54%) had venous thrombosis, yielding an incidence of 37.18 per 10,000 person-year. Incidence increased with age, especially among CD. Less than 20% of patients received screening tests and 35 patients (0.41%) received prophylaxis. Severe disease flare was an independent risk factor for venous thrombosis (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: CD, 9.342 [1.813– 48.137]; UC, 5.198 [1.268–21.305]); past use of steroids and extensive involvement were 2 additional risk factors in CD and UC, respectively.
Conclusions
Incidence of venous thrombosis in China was 37.18 per 10,000 person-year (0.54%). Use of screening and prophylaxis were rare. Severe disease flare was an independent risk factor for thrombosis among hospitalized patients.
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Citations
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Ki Jin Kim, Su-Bin Song, Jung-Bin Park, June Hwa Bae, Ji Eun Baek, Ga Hee Kim, Min-Jun Kim, Seung Wook Hong, Sung Wook Hwang, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Chang Sik Yu, Yong-Sik Yoon, Jong-Lyul Lee, Min Hy
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Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2024; 18(5): 773. CrossRef - Risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in Korea
Oh Chan Kwon, See Young Lee, Jaeyoung Chun, Kyungdo Han, Yuna Kim, Ryul Kim, Min-Chan Park, Jie-Hyun Kim, Young Hoon Youn, Hyojin Park
Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Cardiovascular manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms
Ying Xiao, Don W. Powell, Xiaowei Liu, Qingjie Li
American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology.2023; 325(2): R193. CrossRef - Comparison of 1-Year Colectomy Risk Between the US and Korean Patients with Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
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Gi Hyeon Seo, Sung Hoon Jung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Asian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Nationwide Inception Cohort Study
Su Young Kim, Yeon Seo Cho, Hyun-Soo Kim, Jung Kuk Lee, Hee Man Kim, Hong Jun Park, Hyunil Kim, Jihoon Kim, Dae Ryong Kang
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Hua Zhang, Xuehong Wang
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Special Review
- IBD
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Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology consensus on tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment. Part 1: risk assessment
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Dong Il Park, Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Minhu Chen, Siew Chien Ng, Choon Jin Ooi, Shu Chen Wei, Rupa Banerjee, Ida Normiha Hilmi, Yoon Tae Jeen, Dong Soo Han, Hyo Jong Kim, Zhihua Ran, Kaichun Wu, Jiaming Qian, Pin-Jin Hu, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Akira Andoh, Yasuo Suzuki, Kentaro Sugano, Mamoru Watanabe, Toshifumi Hibi, Amarender S. Puri, Suk-Kyun Yang
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Intest Res 2018;16(1):4-16. Published online January 18, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.16.1.4
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Abstract
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Because anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has become increasingly popular in many Asian countries, the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) among anti-TNF users may raise serious health problems in this region. Thus, the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and the Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology have developed a set of consensus statements about risk assessment, detection and prevention of latent TB infection, and management of active TB infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving anti-TNF treatment. Twenty-three consensus statements were initially drafted and then discussed by the committee members. The quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations were assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Web-based consensus voting was performed by 211 IBD specialists from 9 Asian countries concerning each statement. A consensus statement was accepted if at least 75% of the participants agreed. Part 1 of the statements comprised 2 parts: risk of TB infection Recommendaduring anti-TNF therapy, and screening for TB infection prior to commencing anti-TNF therapy. These consensus statements will help clinicians optimize patient outcomes by reducing the morbidity and mortality related to TB infections in patients with IBD receiving anti-TNF treatment.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Risk of Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B Reactivation in Patients With Crohn’s Disease on Ustekinumab: A Nationwide Real-World Study
Rongbei Liu, Zhilun Li, Lingna Ye, Jing Hu, Jian Tang, Baili Chen, Xiuli Chen, Bei Tan, Yubei Gu, Chen Xie, Chunhui Ouyang, Xiaomei Song, Fan Li, Yanyun Fan, Haixia Ren, Liangru Zhu, Min Chen, Wenyu Jiang, Qian Cao
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Thomas Theo Brehm, Maja Reimann, Niklas Köhler, Christoph Lange
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World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(9): 1536. CrossRef - Bronchoesophageal fistula in a patient with Crohn’s disease receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy
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Special Review: Consensus on TB in IBD
- IBD
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Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology consensus on tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment. Part 2: management
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Dong Il Park, Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Minhu Chen, Siew Chien Ng, Choon Jin Ooi, Shu Chen Wei, Rupa Banerjee, Ida Normiha Hilmi, Yoon Tae Jeen, Dong Soo Han, Hyo Jong Kim, Zhihua Ran, Kaichun Wu, Jiaming Qian, Pin-Jin Hu, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Akira Andoh, Yasuo Suzuki, Kentaro Sugano, Mamoru Watanabe, Toshifumi Hibi, Amarender S. Puri, Suk-Kyun Yang
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Intest Res 2018;16(1):17-25. Published online January 18, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.16.1.17
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Abstract
PDF
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Because anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has become increasingly popular in many Asian countries, the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) among anti-TNF users may raise serious health problems in this region. Thus, the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and the Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology have developed a set of consensus statements about risk assessment, detection and prevention of latent TB infection, and management of active TB infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving anti-TNF treatment. Twenty-three consensus statements were initially drafted and then discussed by the committee members. The quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations were assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Web-based consensus voting was performed by 211 IBD specialists from 9 Asian countries concerning each statement. A consensus statement was accepted if at least 75% of the participants agreed. Part 2 of the statements comprised 3 parts: management of latent TB in preparation for anti-TNF therapy, monitoring during anti-TNF therapy, and management of an active TB infection after anti-TNF therapy. These consensus statements will help clinicians optimize patient outcomes by reducing the morbidity and mortality related to TB infections in patients with IBD receiving anti-TNF treatment.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Risk of Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B Reactivation in Patients With Crohn’s Disease on Ustekinumab: A Nationwide Real-World Study
Rongbei Liu, Zhilun Li, Lingna Ye, Jing Hu, Jian Tang, Baili Chen, Xiuli Chen, Bei Tan, Yubei Gu, Chen Xie, Chunhui Ouyang, Xiaomei Song, Fan Li, Yanyun Fan, Haixia Ren, Liangru Zhu, Min Chen, Wenyu Jiang, Qian Cao
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Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2023; 38(4): 523. CrossRef - Korean clinical practice guidelines on biologics and small molecules for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
Soo-Young Na, Chang Hwan Choi, Eun Mi Song, Ki Bae Bang, Sang Hyoung Park, Eun Soo Kim, Jae Jun Park, Bora Keum, Chang Kyun Lee, Bo-In Lee, Seung-Bum Ryoo, Seong-Joon Koh, Miyoung Choi, Joo Sung Kim
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Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Development of Spinal Tuberculosis in an Adolescent With Crohn's Disease After Infliximab Therapy: A Case Report With Literature Review
Jae Hoon Jung, Sujin Choi, Youra Kang, Dae-Chul Cho, So Mi Lee, Tae In Park, Byung-Ho Choe, Dongsub Kim, Ben Kang
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Fen Liu, Jian Tang, Lingna Ye, Jinyu Tan, Yun Qiu, Fan Hu, Jinshen He, Baili Chen, Yao He, Zhirong Zeng, Ren Mao, Qian Cao, Xiang Gao, Minhu Chen
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Sujin Choi, Bong Seok Choi, Byung-Ho Choe, Ben Kang
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2021; 38(3): 251. CrossRef - Current status of inflammatory bowel diseases in Korea
Suk-Kyun Yang
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2021; 64(9): 572. CrossRef - Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Agents and Tuberculosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Yunho Jung
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Jihye Kim, Jong Pil Im, Jae-Joon Yim, Chang Kyun Lee, Dong Il Park, Chang Soo Eun, Sung-Ae Jung, Jeong Eun Shin, Kang-Moon Lee, Jae Hee Cheon
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International Journal of Surgery.2020; 79: 294. CrossRef - Biologics for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review in Tuberculosis-Endemic Countries
Rupa Banerjee, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, Shu Chen Wei, Shashi Adsul
Gut and Liver.2020; 14(6): 685. CrossRef - Comparison of outcomes of continuation/discontinuation of 5-aminosalicylic acid after initiation of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Youn I Choi, Tae Jun Kim, Dong Kyun Park, Jun-won Chung, Kyoung Oh Kim, Kwang An Kwon, Yoon Jae Kim
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Obituary
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In Memorium of Dr. Bing Xia
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Jiaming Qian, Pin-Jin Hu
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Intest Res 2015;13(3):187-187. Published online June 9, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2015.13.3.187
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