KASID
Search
- Page Path
- HOME > Search
Original Article
- IBD
- Serum albumin is the strongest predictor of anti-tumor necrosis factor nonresponse in inflammatory bowel disease in resource-constrained regions lacking therapeutic drug monitoring
- Peeyush Kumar, Sudheer K. Vuyyuru, Prasenjit Das, Bhaskar Kante, Mukesh Kumar Ranjan, David Mathew Thomas, Sandeep Mundhra, Pabitra Sahu, Pratap Mouli Venigalla, Saransh Jain, Sandeep Goyal, Rithvik Golla, Shubi Virmani, Mukesh K. Singh, Karan Sachdeva, Raju Sharma, Nihar Ranjan Dash, Govind Makharia, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja
- Intest Res 2023;21(4):460-470. Published online March 17, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00128
-
Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material
PubReader
ePub - Background/Aims
Evidence on predictors of primary nonresponse (PNR), and secondary loss of response (SLR) to anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in inflammatory bowel disease is scarce from Asia. We evaluated clinical/biochemical/molecular markers of PNR/SLR in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD).
Methods
Inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with anti-TNF agents (January 2005–October 2020) were ambispectively included. Data concerning clinical and biochemical predictors was retrieved from a prospectively maintained database. Immunohistochemistry for expression of oncostatin M (OSM), OSM receptor (OSM-R), and interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) were done on pre anti-TNF initiation mucosal biopsies.
Results
One-hundred eighty-six patients (118 CD, 68 UC: mean age, 34.1±13.7 years; median disease duration at anti-TNF initiation, 60 months; interquartile range, 28–100.5 months) were included. PNR was seen in 17% and 26.5% and SLR in 47% and 28% CD and UC patients, respectively. In CD, predictors of PNR were low albumin (P<0.001), postoperative recurrence (P=0.001) and high IL-7R expression (P<0.027) on univariate; and low albumin alone (hazard ratio [HR], 0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.28; P<0.001) on multivariate analysis respectively. Low albumin (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15–0.62; P=0.001) also predicted SLR. In UC, predictors of PNR were low albumin (P<0.001), and high C-reactive protein (P<0.001), OSM (P<0.04) and OSM-R (P=0.07) stromal expression on univariate; and low albumin alone (HR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03–0.39; P=0.001) on multivariate analysis respectively.
Conclusions
Low serum albumin at baseline significantly predicted PNR in UC and PNR/SLR in CD patients. Mucosal markers of PNR were high stromal OSM/OSM-R in UC and high IL-7R in CD patients. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Effectiveness of Switching to Subcutaneous Infliximab in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Experiencing Intravenous Infliximab Failure
June Hwa Bae, Jung-Bin Park, Ji Eun Baek, Seung Wook Hong, Sang Hyoung Park, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sung Wook Hwang
Gut and Liver.2024; 18(4): 667. CrossRef - Tofacitinib in Steroid-Refractory Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Retrospective Analysis
Sayan Malakar, Srikanth Kothalkar, Umair Shamsul Hoda, Uday C Ghoshal
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
- Effectiveness of Switching to Subcutaneous Infliximab in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Experiencing Intravenous Infliximab Failure
- 3,921 View
- 434 Download
- 2 Web of Science
- 2 Crossref
Brief Communication
- IBD
- Correlation of fecal calprotectin and patient-reported outcome measures in patients with ulcerative colitis
- Nagesh Kamat, Sudheer K Vuyyuru, Saurabh Kedia, Pabitra Sahu, Bhaskar Kante, Peeyush Kumar, Mukesh Kumar Ranjan, Mukesh Kumar Singh, Sambuddha Kumar, Vikas Sachdev, Govind Makharia, Vineet Ahuja
- Intest Res 2022;20(2):269-273. Published online February 8, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00064
-
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Depression and active disease are the major risk factors for fatigue and sleep disturbance in inflammatory bowel disease with consequent poor quality of life: Analysis of the interplay between psychosocial factors from the developing world
Partha Pal, Rupa Banerjee, Polina Vijayalaxmi, D. Nageshwar Reddy, Manu Tandan
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 43(1): 226. CrossRef - Research Progress in the Study of Biomarkers for Diagnosing Ulcerative Colitis or Assessing Its Activity
琳 杨
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(01): 1167. CrossRef - A novel serum biomarker of endoscopic mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease
Hyoun Woo Kang
Intestinal Research.2024; 22(1): 3. CrossRef - The prevalence and burden of Rome IV faecal incontinence in ulcerative colitis: A cross‐sectional study
Dipesh H. Vasant, Gaurav B. Nigam, Sebastian Bate, Shaheen Hamdy, Jimmy K. Limdi
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2023; 58(1): 26. CrossRef - Current and emerging biomarkers for ulcerative colitis
Jan K. Nowak, Rahul Kalla, Jack Satsangi
Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics.2023; 23(12): 1107. CrossRef
- Depression and active disease are the major risk factors for fatigue and sleep disturbance in inflammatory bowel disease with consequent poor quality of life: Analysis of the interplay between psychosocial factors from the developing world
- 4,115 View
- 278 Download
- 4 Web of Science
- 5 Crossref
Review
- IBD
- Use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease: an update
- Arshdeep Singh, Ramit Mahajan, Saurabh Kedia, Amit Kumar Dutta, Abhinav Anand, Charles N. Bernstein, Devendra Desai, C. Ganesh Pai, Govind Makharia, Harsh Vardhan Tevethia, Joyce WY Mak, Kirandeep Kaur, Kiran Peddi, Mukesh Kumar Ranjan, Perttu Arkkila, Rakesh Kochhar, Rupa Banerjee, Saroj Kant Sinha, Siew Chien Ng, Stephen Hanauer, Suhang Verma, Usha Dutta, Vandana Midha, Varun Mehta, Vineet Ahuja, Ajit Sood
- Intest Res 2022;20(1):11-30. Published online April 15, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2020.00155
-
Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), once considered a disease of the Western hemisphere, has emerged as a global disease. As the disease prevalence is on a steady rise, management of IBD has come under the spotlight. 5-Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents and biologics are the backbone of treatment of IBD. With the advent of biologics and small molecules, the need for surgery and hospitalization has decreased. However, economic viability and acceptability is an important determinant of local prescription patterns. Nearly one-third of the patients in West receive biologics as the first/initial therapy. The scenario is different in developing countries where biologics are used only in a small proportion of patients with IBD. Increased risk of reactivation of tuberculosis and high cost of the therapy are limitations to their use. Thiopurines hence become critical for optimal management of patients with IBD in these regions. However, approximately one-third of patients are intolerant or develop adverse effects with their use. This has led to suboptimal use of thiopurines in clinical practice. This review article discusses the clinical aspects of thiopurine use in patients with IBD with the aim of optimizing their use to full therapeutic potential.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Medical Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Shahrose Rahman, Ranish K. Patel, Elisa Boden, Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis
Surgical Clinics of North America.2024; 104(3): 657. CrossRef - Tofacitinib Versus Oral Prednisolone for Induction of Remission in Moderately Active Ulcerative Colitis [ORCHID]: A Prospective, Open-Label, Randomized, Pilot Study
Arshdeep Singh, Vandana Midha, Kirandeep Kaur, Ramit Mahajan, Dharmatma Singh, Ramandeep Kaur, Aditya Kohli, Avantika Chawla, Kriti Sood, Namita Bansal, Ajit Sood
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2024; 18(2): 300. CrossRef - Differential molecular mechanisms of substrate recognition by selenium methyltransferases, INMT and TPMT, in selenium detoxification and excretion
Yasunori Fukumoto, Rin Kyono, Yuka Shibukawa, Yu-ki Tanaka, Noriyuki Suzuki, Yasumitsu Ogra
Journal of Biological Chemistry.2024; 300(2): 105599. CrossRef - Factors Associated with Reaching Mid-Parental Height in Patients Diagnosed with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood and Adolescent Period
So Yoon Choi, Sujin Choi, Byung-Ho Choe, Jae Hong Park, Kwang-Hae Choi, Hae Jeong Lee, Ji Sook Park, Ji-Hyun Seo, Jae Young Kim, Hyo-Jeong Jang, Suk Jin Hong, Eun Young Kim, Yeoun Joo Lee, Ben Kang
Gut and Liver.2024; 18(1): 106. CrossRef - Tofacitinib in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis (TACOS): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Arshdeep Singh, Manjeet Kumar Goyal, Vandana Midha, Ramit Mahajan, Kirandeep Kaur, Yogesh Kumar Gupta, Dharmatma Singh, Namita Bansal, Ramandeep Kaur, Shivam Kalra, Omesh Goyal, Varun Mehta, Ajit Sood
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 119(7): 1365. CrossRef - Effectiveness of Tofacitinib in Ulcerative Proctitis Compared to Left Sided Colitis and Pancolitis
Arshdeep Singh, Ramit Mahajan, Vandana Midha, Kirandeep Kaur, Dharmatma Singh, Ramandeep Kaur, Shreya Garg, Kirti Arora, Namita Bansal, Ajit Sood
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2024; 69(4): 1389. CrossRef - Uphill battle: Innovation of thiopurine therapy in global inflammatory bowel disease care
Ahmed B. Bayoumy, Chris J. J. Mulder, Azhar R. Ansari, Murray L. Barclay, Tim Florin, Marianne Kiszka-Kanowitz, Luc Derijks, Vishal Sharma, Nanne K. H. de Boer
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 43(1): 36. CrossRef - The drug-survival of low-dose thioguanine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective observational study
Helena Gensmyr-Singer, Mårten Werner, Pontus Karling
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Thiopurine Metabolite Shunting in Late Pregnancy Increases the Risk of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Can be Managed With Split Dosing
Ralley Prentice, Emma Flanagan, Emily Wright, Lani Prideaux, William Connell, Miles Sparrow, Peter De Cruz, Mark Lust, Winita Hardikar, Rimma Goldberg, Sara Vogrin, Kirsten Palmer, Alyson Ross, Megan Burns, Tessa Greeve, Sally Bell
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2024; 18(7): 1081. CrossRef - Optimal Treatment Approaches to Intestinal Behçet's Disease Complicated by Myelodysplastic Syndrome: The KASID and KSBD Multicenter Study
Jung-Bin Park, So Jung Han, Seung Bum Lee, Dong Hyun Kim, Jae Hee Cheon, Sung Wook Hwang, Byong Duk Ye, Suk-Kyun Yang, Soo Jung Park, Sang Hyoung Park
Yonsei Medical Journal.2024; 65(5): 265. CrossRef - Application of Drug Repurposing Approach for Therapeutic Intervention
of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Mohammad Aadil Bhat, Iqra Usman, Suneela Dhaneshwar
Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology.2024; 19(3): 234. CrossRef - Selecting first-line advanced therapy for ulcerative colitis: A clinical application of personalized medicine
Mariam S. Mukhtar, Mahmoud H. Mosli
Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 30(3): 126. CrossRef - Clinical Significance of Prognostic Nutrition Index in Patients with Crohn’s Disease after Primary Bowel Resection
Hyeon Woo Bae, Yong Joon Lee, Min Young Park, Seung Yoon Yang, Yoon Dae Han, Min Soo Cho, Hyuk Hur, Kang Young Lee, Jae Hee Cheon, Joseph C. Carmichael, Byung Soh Min
Yonsei Medical Journal.2024; 65(7): 380. CrossRef - Differences in the risk of clinical failure between thiopurine and methotrexate in bio-naïve patients with Crohn’s disease: a Korean nationwide population-based study
Yu Kyung Jun, Eunjeong Ji, Hye Ran Yang, Yonghoon Choi, Cheol Min Shin, Young Soo Park, Nayoung Kim, Dong Ho Lee, Hyuk Yoon
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Low risk of malignancies with thiopurines in an Indian cohort of patients with Inflammatory bowel disease
Arshdeep Singh, Vandana Midha, Ajit Sood
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Effectiveness of Switching to Subcutaneous Infliximab in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Experiencing Intravenous Infliximab Failure
June Hwa Bae, Jung-Bin Park, Ji Eun Baek, Seung Wook Hong, Sang Hyoung Park, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sung Wook Hwang
Gut and Liver.2024; 18(4): 667. CrossRef - Pharmacogenomic Assessment of Genes Implicated in Thiopurine Metabolism and Toxicity in a UK Cohort of Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Tracy Coelho, Guo Cheng, Sophie Lewis, James J Ashton, Farah Barakat, Kouros C T Driscoll, Adebola E Sholeye-Bolaji, Akshay Batra, Nadeem A Afzal, Robert M Beattie, Sarah Ennis
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Reply: Predicting Adverse Events to Thiopurines in IBD: Are We a Step Closer?
Tracy Coelho, Guo Cheng, Fernando Vazquez Lopez, James J Ashton, Robert M Beattie, Sarah Ennis
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2024; 30(10): 1928. CrossRef - Safety and Effectiveness of Thiopurines and Small Molecules in Elderly Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Aleksandra Strigáč, Miłosz Caban, Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko, Renata Talar-Wojnarowska
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(16): 4678. CrossRef - Saudi consensus guidance for the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents
Omar I. Saadah, Turki AlAmeel, Ahmed Al Sarkhy, Mohammed Hasosah, Abdulrahman Al-Hussaini, Majid A. Almadi, Badr Al-Bawardy, Talal A. Altuwaijri, Mohammed AlEdreesi, Shakir A. Bakkari, Othman R. Alharbi, Nahla A. Azzam, Abdulelah Almutairdi, Khalidah A. A
Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Personalization of thiopurine therapy: Current recommendations and future perspectives
Dunja Urbančič, Flaka Pasha, Alenka Šmid, Irena Mlinarič-Raščan
Acta Pharmaceutica.2024; 74(3): 355. CrossRef - Navigating the pharmacotherapeutic management of comorbid inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Brigid Pinnuck, Kate D. Lynch
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease in the pandemic era: Safe or unsafe?
Shailesh Perdalkar, Pooja Basthi Mohan, Balaji Musunuri, Siddheesh Rajpurohit, Shiran Shetty, Krishnamurthy Bhat, Cannanore Ganesh Pai
International Immunopharmacology.2023; 116: 109597. CrossRef - Effectiveness and safety of thioguanine as a maintenance therapy of inflammatory bowel disease: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
Anuraag Jena, Pardhu B Neelam, Harshavardhan Telaprolu, Uday Kiran Mangipudi, Usha Dutta, Shaji Sebastian, Vishal Sharma
Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology.2023; 47(7): 102155. CrossRef - Impact of Crohn’s Disease on the Survival of Patients with Small-Bowel Adenocarcinoma in Korea: A Bicenter Cohort Study
Kyuwon Kim, Kookhwan Choi, Sung Wook Hwang, Jong Pil Im, Byong Duk Ye, Joo Sung Kim, Kyu Joo Park, Suk-Kyun Yang, Seong-Joon Koh, Sang Hyoung Park
Gut and Liver.2023; 17(4): 581. CrossRef - Infectious complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: the results of a multinational web-based survey in the 8th Asian Organization for Crohn’s and Colitis meeting
Yu Kyung Jun, Seong-Joon Koh, Dae Seong Myung, Sang Hyoung Park, Choon Jin Ooi, Ajit Sood, Jong Pil Im
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(3): 353. CrossRef - The Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease during Reproductive Years: An Updated Narrative Review
Nariman Hossein-Javaheri, Michael Youssef, Yaanu Jeyakumar, Vivian Huang, Parul Tandon
Reproductive Medicine.2023; 4(3): 180. CrossRef - Long‐term safety and effectiveness of azathioprine in the management of inflammatory bowel disease: A real‐world experience
Rohan V Yewale, Balakrishnan S Ramakrishna, Babu Vinish Doraisamy, Pandurangan Basumani, Jayanthi Venkataraman, Kayalvizhi Jayaraman, Ananthavadivelu Murali, Karunakaran Premkumar, Akkim Sathish Kumar
JGH Open.2023; 7(9): 599. CrossRef - Effectiveness and tolerability of methotrexate monotherapy in Crohn’s disease patients: a multicenter observational study
Jihye Park, Jaeyoung Chun, Soo Jung Park, Jae Jun Park, Tae Il Kim, Hyuk Yoon, Jae Hee Cheon
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef -
Oral Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) Spore Powder Ameliorates Murine Colitis by Inhibiting Key Kinases Phosphorylation in MAPK Pathway
Yingying Zhao, Liangchen Zhu
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms.2023; 25(10): 39. CrossRef - Enhancing cancer therapy: The potential of mercaptopurine-based nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery
Mehrab Pourmadadi, Arsalan Rahmani Ghohrodi, Zeinab Savari, Ehsan Talebi, Iman Ahamdi, Abbas Rahdar, Sadanand Pandey
Next Nanotechnology.2023; 2: 100018. CrossRef - Thiopurine exposure during pregnancy is not associated with anemia in infants born to mothers with IBD
Fiona Yeaman, Amelie Stritzke, Verena Kuret, Nastaran Sharifi, Cynthia H Seow, Amy Metcalfe, Yvette Leung
Crohn's & Colitis 360.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Reviewing the potential of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics: advancements in treatment of ulcerative colitis
Apurva Jadhav, Suresh Jagtap, Suresh Vyavahare, Archana Sharbidre, Bipinraj Kunchiraman
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Impact of Immunosuppressive Therapy on the Performance of Latent Tuberculosis Screening Tests in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Chan Hyuk Park, Jung Ho Park, Yoon Suk Jung
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(3): 507. CrossRef - Use of Azathioprine in Ulcerative Colitis: A Comprehensive Review
Bipadabhanjan Mallick, Sarthak Malik
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Ulcerative Colitis in Adulthood and in Older Patients: Same Disease, Same Outcome, Same Risks?
Walter Fries, Maria Giulia Demarzo, Giuseppe Navarra, Anna Viola
Drugs & Aging.2022; 39(6): 441. CrossRef - Personalized medicine in inflammatory bowel disease: Perspectives on Asia
Su Hyun Park, Sang Hyoung Park
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2022; 37(8): 1434. CrossRef - Prevention of postoperative recurrence in Crohn’s disease: the never-ending story
Jung-Bin Park, Sang Hyoung Park
Intestinal Research.2022; 20(3): 279. CrossRef - Updates on conventional therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases: 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and anti-TNF-α
Jihye Park, Jae Hee Cheon
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(5): 895. CrossRef - Viral Hepatitis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Seung Hwan Shin, Sang Hyoung Park
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 80(2): 51. CrossRef - Vaccination strategies for Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Yoo Jin Lee, Eun Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(5): 920. CrossRef - Effectiveness and Safety of Golimumab in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicenter, Prospective, Postmarketing Surveillance Study
Jongwook Yu, Soo Jung Park, Hyung Wook Kim, Yun Jeong Lim, Jihye Park, Jae Myung Cha, Byong Duk Ye, Tae Oh Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Hyun Seok Lee, Su Young Jung, Youngdoe Kim, Chang Hwan Choi
Gut and Liver.2022; 16(5): 764. CrossRef - A report on the potential of Rac1/pSTAT3 protein levels in T lymphocytes to assess the pharmacodynamic effect of thiopurine therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients
Debbie S. Deben, Rob H. Creemers, Arjan J. van Adrichem, Roosmarie Drent, Audrey H. H. Merry, Mathie P. G. Leers, Adriaan A. van Bodegraven, Dennis R. Wong
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Low-Dose Azathioprine in Combination with Allopurinol: The Past, Present and Future of This Useful Duo
Alexander Keith Turbayne, Miles Patrick Sparrow
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2022; 67(12): 5382. CrossRef - NUDT15Genotyping in Thiopurine Drug Therapy
Jong Kwon Lee, Rihwa Choi, Soo-Youn Lee
Laboratory Medicine Online.2022; 12(4): 217. CrossRef - Personalized medicine to implementation science: Thiopurines set for the leap
Vishal Sharma, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja
JGH Open.2022; 6(10): 651. CrossRef - Immunomodulators: still having a role?
Jeffery M Venner, Charles N Bernstein
Gastroenterology Report.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: focusing on 5-aminosalicylates and immunomodulators
You Sun Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2021; 64(9): 596. CrossRef - Is the Long-term Disease Course of Elderly-Onset Ulcerative Colitis Different from That of Non-Elderly-Onset Ulcerative Colitis?
Jin Wook Lee, Eun Soo Kim
Gut and Liver.2021; 15(5): 639. CrossRef - Pharmacogenetics-based personalized treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A review
Ji Young Chang, Jae Hee Cheon
Precision and Future Medicine.2021; 5(4): 151. CrossRef - Current status and future perspectives on the use of therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurine metabolites in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Debbie S. Deben, Dennis R. Wong, Adriaan A. van Bodegraven
Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology.2021; 17(12): 1433. CrossRef
- Medical Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 9,631 View
- 649 Download
- 49 Web of Science
- 51 Crossref
First
Prev
