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IBD
Risk of malignancies and chemopreventive effect of statin, metformin, and aspirin in Korean patients with ulcerative colitis: a nationwide population-based study
Eun Hye Oh, Ye-Jee Kim, Minju Kim, Seung Ha Park, Tae Oh Kim, Sang Hyoung Park
Intest Res 2025;23(2):129-143.   Published online November 9, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00062
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
We investigated the incidences of overall and site-specific malignancies and chemopreventive effects of statin, metformin, and aspirin in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Methods
We collected data using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment claims database from January 2007 to April 2020.
Results
The overall malignancy risk among the 35,189 ulcerative colitis patients was similar to that of the general population (standardized incidence ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.88–1.00). In male patients, standardized incidence ratios were high for thyroid cancer and low for stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer. Concurrently, standard incidence ratios were high for liver cancer and central nervous system cancer in female patients. While 122 cases of colorectal cancer occurred in the study patients, the standardized incidence ratio was 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.99). Treatment for ulcerative colitis was not associated with an increased adjusted hazard ratio, while comorbidities increased it for all malignancies. Treatment for ulcerative colitis was associated with an increased adjusted hazard ratio, while comorbidities did not increase it for colorectal cancer. After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and ulcerative colitis treatment, statins showed a dose-dependent chemopreventive effect for all malignancies (P=0.002), while metformin and aspirin did not show any.
Conclusions
In ulcerative colitis patients, standardized incidence ratios for all malignancies and colorectal cancer did not increase. Adjusted hazard ratios for all malignancies increased with comorbidities and those for colorectal cancer with ulcerative colitis treatment. Statins have a dose-dependent chemopreventive effect for all malignancies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Thyroid disorders and inflammatory bowel disease: an association present in adults but also in children and adolescents
    Valeria Calcaterra, Francesca Penagini, Virginia Rossi, Luisa Abbattista, Alice Bianchi, Massimiliano Turzi, Lucia Cococcioni, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Does statin have a chemopreventive effect in patients with ulcerative colitis?
    Yoon Suk Jung
    Intestinal Research.2025; 23(2): 113.     CrossRef
  • 3,372 View
  • 445 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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IBD
Risks of colorectal cancer and biliary cancer according to accompanied primary sclerosing cholangitis in Korean patients with ulcerative colitis: a nationwide population-based study
Eun Hye Oh, Ye-Jee Kim, Minju Kim, Seung Ha Park, Tae Oh Kim, Sang Hyoung Park
Intest Res 2023;21(2):252-265.   Published online December 2, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00092
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
We conducted a nationwide population-based study to investigate incidence rates of colorectal and biliary cancers according to accompanying primary sclerosing cholangitis in Korean ulcerative colitis patients.
Methods
We used the Health Insurance Review and Assessment claim database from January 2007 to April 2020. Standardized incidence ratios of colorectal and biliary cancers in ulcerative colitis patients were calculated.
Results
Among 35,189 newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis patients, 1,224 patients were diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis. During the study period, 122 and 52 patients were diagnosed with colorectal and biliary cancers, respectively. Incidences of colorectal cancer were not higher in ulcerative colitis patients than those in the general population (standardized incidence ratios, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.99), regardless of accompanied primary sclerosing cholangitis (standardized incidence ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.24–1.71). While incidences of biliary cancer were not higher in ulcerative colitis patients than those in the general population (standardized incidence ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.80–1.58), these were much higher with accompanied primary sclerosing cholangitis (standardized incidence ratio, 10.07; 95% confidence interval, 5.75–16.36). Cumulative incidences of colorectal and biliary cancers increased in patients who were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis at an older age.
Conclusions
In Korean ulcerative colitis patients, colorectal cancer incidences were not higher than those in the general population regardless of accompanied primary sclerosing cholangitis. However, biliary cancer incidences were much higher in ulcerative colitis patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis than in those without, or in the general population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis combined with inflammatory bowel disease
    You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 420.     CrossRef
  • Are the risks of colorectal cancer and biliary cancer really increased if patients with ulcerative colitis have primary sclerosing cholangitis?
    Jung Wook Lee, Won Moon
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(2): 171.     CrossRef
  • 4,043 View
  • 338 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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IBD
Clinical outcomes and predictors of response for adalimumab in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: a KASID prospective multicenter cohort study
Seung Yong Shin, Soo Jung Park, Young Kim, Jong Pil Im, Hyo Jong Kim, Kang-Moon Lee, Ji Won Kim, Sung-Ae Jung, Jun Lee, Sang-Bum Kang, Sung Jae Shin, Eun Sun Kim, You Sun Kim, Tae Oh Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Dong Il Park, Hyung Kil Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Young-Ho Kim, Do Hyun Kim, Dennis Teng, Jong-Hwa Kim, Wonyong Kim, Chang Hwan Choi, on behalf of the IBD Research Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
Intest Res 2022;20(3):350-360.   Published online July 23, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00049
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
This study assessed the efficacy and safety of adalimumab (ADA) and explored predictors of response in Korean patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).
Methods
A prospective, observational, multicenter study was conducted over 56 weeks in adult patients with moderately to severely active UC who received ADA. Clinical response, remission, and mucosal healing were assessed using the Mayo score.
Results
A total of 146 patients were enrolled from 17 academic hospitals. Clinical response rates were 52.1% and 37.7% and clinical remission rates were 24.0% and 22.0% at weeks 8 and 56, respectively. Mucosal healing rates were 39.0% and 30.1% at weeks 8 and 56, respectively. Prior use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) did not affect clinical and endoscopic responses. The ADA drug level was significantly higher in patients with better outcomes at week 8 (P<0.05). In patients with lower endoscopic activity, higher body mass index, and higher serum albumin levels at baseline, the clinical response rate was higher at week 8. In patients with lower Mayo scores and C-reactive protein levels, clinical responses, and mucosal healing at week 8, the clinical response rate was higher at week 56. Serious adverse drug reactions were identified in 2.8% of patients.
Conclusions
ADA is effective and safe for induction and maintenance in Korean patients with UC, regardless of prior anti-TNF-α therapy. The ADA drug level is associated with the efficacy of induction therapy. Patients with better short-term outcomes were predictive of those with an improved long-term response.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Prospective Observational Evaluation of the Time-Dependency of Adalimumab Immunogenicity and Drug Concentration in Ulcerative Colitis Patients: the POETIC II Study
    Sivan Harnik, Chaya M Abitbol, Ola Haj Natour, Miri Yavzori, Ella Fudim, Orit Picard, Timna Naftali, Efrat Broide, Ayal Hirsch, Limor Selinger, Eyal Shachar, Doron Yablecovitch, Ahmad Albshesh, Daniel Coscas, Uri Kopylov, Rami Eliakim, Shomron Ben-Horin,
    Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2024; 18(3): 341.     CrossRef
  • Rapidly achieving clinical remission in ulcerative colitis indicates better endoscopic and histological outcomes
    Rirong Chen, Yizhe Tie, Yongle Huang, Xi Zhang, Zhirong Zeng, Minhu Chen, Li Li, Shenghong Zhang
    United European Gastroenterology Journal.2024; 12(4): 459.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of adalimumab in severe ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and a meta‐analysis
    Saleh Azadbakht, Masomeh Seighali, Salehe Azadbakht, Morteza Azadbakht
    Health Science Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Dynamic changes in the gut microbiota composition during adalimumab therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis: implications for treatment response prediction and therapeutic targets
    Han Na Oh, Seung Yong Shin, Jong-Hwa Kim, Jihye Baek, Hyo Jong Kim, Kang-Moon Lee, Soo Jung Park, Seok-Young Kim, Hyung-Kyoon Choi, Wonyong Kim, Woo Jun Sul, Chang Hwan Choi
    Gut Pathogens.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Real-world effectiveness and safety of advanced therapies for the treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: Evidence from a systematic literature review
    Peter M. Irving, Peter Hur, Raju Gautam, Xiang Guo, Severine Vermeire
    Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy.2024; 30(9): 1026.     CrossRef
  • Korean clinical practice guidelines on biologics and small molecules for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
    Soo-Young Na, Chang Hwan Choi, Eun Mi Song, Ki Bae Bang, Sang Hyoung Park, Eun Soo Kim, Jae Jun Park, Bora Keum, Chang Kyun Lee, Bo-In Lee, Seung-Bum Ryoo, Seong-Joon Koh, Miyoung Choi, Joo Sung Kim
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(1): 61.     CrossRef
  • Changes in fecal metabolic and lipidomic features by anti-TNF treatment and prediction of clinical remission in patients with ulcerative colitis
    Seok-Young Kim, Seung Yong Shin, Soo Jung Park, Jong Pil Im, Hyo Jong Kim, Kang-Moon Lee, Ji Won Kim, Sung-Ae Jung, Jun Lee, Sang-Bum Kang, Sung Jae Shin, Eun Sun Kim, You Sun Kim, Tae Oh Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Dong Il Park, Hyung Kil Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Young-
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Reviewing not Homer’s Iliad, but “Kai Bao Ben Cao”: indigo dye—the past, present, and future
    Yusuke Yoshimatsu, Tomohisa Sujino, Takanori Kanai
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(2): 174.     CrossRef
  • Precision medicine and drug optimization in adult inflammatory bowel disease patients
    Sophie Vieujean, Edouard Louis
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Real-world effectiveness and safety of adalimumab in Korean patients with intestinal Behcet’s disease: a Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID) multicenter study
    Seung Bum Lee, Hee Seung Hong, Chang Kyun Lee, Bo-In Lee, Sol Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Hosun Yu, Jung-Bin Park, Sung Wook Hwang, Byong Duk Ye, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sang Hyoung Park
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2023; 38(5): 661.     CrossRef
  • Advancements in the Management of Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Revised 2023 Korean Treatment Guidelines
    Soo-Young Na
    The Korean Journal of Medicine.2023; 98(5): 223.     CrossRef
  • Prediction of Clinical Remission with Adalimumab Therapy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis by Fourier Transform–Infrared Spectroscopy Coupled with Machine Learning Algorithms
    Seok-Young Kim, Seung Yong Shin, Maham Saeed, Ji Eun Ryu, Jung-Seop Kim, Junyoung Ahn, Youngmi Jung, Jung Min Moon, Chang Hwan Choi, Hyung-Kyoon Choi
    Metabolites.2023; 14(1): 2.     CrossRef
  • Association of C-reactive Protein and Partial Mayo Score With Response to Tofacitinib Induction Therapy: Results From the Ulcerative Colitis Clinical Program
    Marla C Dubinsky, Fernando Magro, Flavio Steinwurz, David P Hudesman, Jami A Kinnucan, Ryan C Ungaro, Markus F Neurath, Nicole Kulisek, Jerome Paulissen, Chinyu Su, Dario Ponce de Leon, Miguel Regueiro
    Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness and Safety of Golimumab in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicenter, Prospective, Postmarketing Surveillance Study
    Jongwook Yu, Soo Jung Park, Hyung Wook Kim, Yun Jeong Lim, Jihye Park, Jae Myung Cha, Byong Duk Ye, Tae Oh Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Hyun Seok Lee, Su Young Jung, Youngdoe Kim, Chang Hwan Choi
    Gut and Liver.2022; 16(5): 764.     CrossRef
  • Pharmacogenetics-based personalized treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A review
    Ji Young Chang, Jae Hee Cheon
    Precision and Future Medicine.2021; 5(4): 151.     CrossRef
  • 8,720 View
  • 668 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
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Inflammatory bowel diseases
Adherence to Asacol once daily versus divided regimen for maintenance therapy in ulcerative colitis: a prospective, multicenter, randomized study
Soo-Kyung Park, Sang Hyun Park, Chang Soo Eun, Geom Seog Seo, Jong Pil Im, Tae Oh Kim, Dong-Il Park
Intest Res 2019;17(3):349-356.   Published online February 8, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.00064
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
A once-daily (OD) regimen of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) was easier to comply with than a divided daily (DD) regimen, and that treatment efficacy for ulcerative colitis (UC) was not affected by the dosing regimen. This study evaluated treatment adherence of OD and DD dosing in the Korean UC patients.
Methods
This study was a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial. UC patients were enrolled who have been in remission for more than 3 months. Patients were randomly assigned to the OD or DD group in a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint was adherence rate measured by tablet counts and self-reported adherence rate at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The relapse rate was measured at 1 year.
Results
Data from the 180 patients who were randomized were analyzed. Both self-reported adherence rate and adherence rate measured by tablet counts were not different at every points, including 1 year. The patients’ satisfaction of the OD group was higher than that of the DD group (P<0.001). At 1 year, 91.2% and 95.5% of patients in the OD group and DD group had maintained clinical remission, respectively (P=0.37).
Conclusions
The adherence rates were not different between the OD group and DD group. The patients’ satisfaction was higher in the OD group than in the DD group. 5-ASA OD dosing might have the same effect as DD for the maintenance of UC remission.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Non-Adherence Rate to Oral Mesalamine in Ulcerative Colitis Patients: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
    Cristiano Pagnini, Elisabetta Antonelli, Barbara Scrivo, Maria Cappello, Marco Soncini, Roberto Vassallo, Giammarco Mocci, Maria Carla Di Paolo
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2025; 15(4): 123.     CrossRef
  • Improving Medication Adherence Levels in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Patients: A Narrative Evidence-Based Review
    Obreniokibo Amiesimaka, Kristina Aluzaite, Rhiannon Braund, Michael Schultz
    Patient Preference and Adherence.2024; Volume 18: 905.     CrossRef
  • Continuing or stopping 5‐aminosalicylates in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on anti‐TNF therapy: A nationwide population‐based study
    Jeongkuk Seo, Seonok Kim, Seung Wook Hong, Sung Wook Hwang, Sang Hyoung Park, Dong‐Hoon Yang, Jeong‐Sik Byeon, Seung‐Jae Myung, Suk‐Kyun Yang, Ye‐Jee Kim, Byong Duk Ye
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2024; 60(3): 389.     CrossRef
  • Researching Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence in Ulcerative Colitis Patients
    Mila Palma Pacheco, Flora Maria Lorenzo Fortes, Raquel Rocha dos Santos, Genoile Oliveira Santana Silva
    Journal of Coloproctology.2021; 41(01): 096.     CrossRef
  • Treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: focusing on 5-aminosalicylates and immunomodulators
    You Sun Kim
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2021; 64(9): 596.     CrossRef
  • Living with ulcerative colitis in Germany: a retrospective analysis of dose escalation, concomitant treatment use and healthcare costs
    Axel Dignass, John Waller, Joseph C. Cappelleri, Irene Modesto, Agnes Kisser, Lena Dietz, Marco DiBonaventura, Robert Wood, Melanie May, Berit Libutzki, Danielle Bargo
    Journal of Medical Economics.2020; 23(4): 415.     CrossRef
  • Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
    Alistair Murray, Tran M Nguyen, Claire E Parker, Brian G Feagan, John K MacDonald
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,850 View
  • 192 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
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Impact of inflammatory bowel disease on daily life: an online survey by the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
Young Sun Kim, Sung-Ae Jung, Kang-Moon Lee, Soo Jung Park, Tae Oh Kim, Chang Hwan Choi, Hyun Gun Kim, Won Moon, Chang Mo Moon, Hye Kyoung Song, Soo-Young Na, Suk-Kyun Yang
Intest Res 2017;15(3):338-344.   Published online June 12, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2017.15.3.338
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
<b>Background/Aims</b><br/>

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disabling gastrointestinal disorder that diminishes the quality of life of the affected individuals. Limited data are available regarding the impact of IBD on the daily life of Koreans.

Methods

Self-administered, computer-aided, internet-based questionnaires were distributed to members of a Korean patient organization for IBD from March to April 2013, by the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases.

Results

A total of 599 patients with IBD (387 with Crohn's disease [CD] and 212 with ulcerative colitis [UC]) were enrolled. The majority of patients (81%) expressed feelings of fatigue, weakness, and being worn out in their daily lives during times of flare; this percentage was reduced to 61% during remission. Respondents were absent from work or school for an average period of 18 days because of illness, within the first 6 months; the majority of respondents (64%) felt stressed about their absence. Forty-six percent of the respondents reported having received unfair comments at work, or having suffered discrimination. Forty-seven percent of the respondents felt that IBD had negatively affected their income and earnings. Compared with patients with UC, those with CD reported a more frequent negative impact of IBD on work, or more economic burden. More than half of the respondents (61%) reported that IBD had prevented them from making or keeping friends.

Conclusions

IBD significantly impacts daily life, including work, education, and social relationships. Treatment that addresses the full spectrum of life of a patient would be more effective.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Increased Risks for Suicide, Self-Harm, Substance Use, and Psychiatric Disorders in Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Study in the United States From 2007 to 2017
    Chung Sang Tse, Chien-Hsiang Weng, Michelle Kwon, Courtney Benjamin Wolk, Lily A Brown, Kanika Malani, Samir A Shah, Sean D Fine
    Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2024; 30(1): 150.     CrossRef
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    Seung Yong Shin, Hee Sung Kim, Kisung Kim, Chang Won Choi, Jung Min Moon, Jeong Wook Kim, Hyun Jin Joo, Jeongkuk Seo, Muhyeon Sung, Chang Hwan Choi
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(1): 68.     CrossRef
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    Chong Kim, Fiona L. Brown, Caroline Burk, Milena Anatchkova, Nashmel Sargalo, Ankita Kaushik
    Quality of Life Research.2024; 33(5): 1373.     CrossRef
  • Colonic Dysregulation of Major Metabolic Pathways in Experimental Ulcerative Colitis
    Ji Yeon Noh, Naser Farhataziz, Michael T. Kinter, Xin Yan, Yuxiang Sun
    Metabolites.2024; 14(4): 194.     CrossRef
  • Patient Advisory Groups in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Collaborative Relationship Between Patients and Researchers
    Linda Yoo, Mara Shapiro, Ihsan Kahveci, Isabela Hernandez, Rachael Whittemore, Tanvi Kale, Samantha Winders, Kendra Kamp
    Crohn's & Colitis 360.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Heidi Glynn, Simon R. Knowles
    Clinical Nursing Research.2023; 32(1): 159.     CrossRef
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    Johanna Holman, Molly Hurd, Peter L. Moses, Gary M. Mawe, Tao Zhang, Suzanne L. Ishaq, Yanyan Li
    The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry.2023; 113: 109238.     CrossRef
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    Yago González-Lama, Elena Ricart, Ana Cábez, Pilar Fortes, Susana Gómez, Francesc Casellas
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(6): 917.     CrossRef
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    Carolina Bortolozzo Graciolli Facanali, Carlos Walter Sobrado Junior, Renério Fraguas Junior, Marcio Roberto Facanali Junior, Lucas Rodrigues Boarini, Lucas Faraco Sobrado, Ivan Cecconello
    Clinics.2023; 78: 100188.     CrossRef
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    Yonsei Medical Journal.2023; 64(9): 541.     CrossRef
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    Elizabeth Dent, Nicola Davinson, Stephanie Wilkie
    Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being.2022; 14(2): 626.     CrossRef
  • Ilex rotunda Thunb Protects Against Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Restoring the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Modulating the Oncostatin M/Oncostatin M Receptor Pathway
    Yao Li, Xu Yang, Jia-ni Yuan, Rui Lin, Yun-yuan Tian, Yu-xin Li, Yan Zhang, Xu-fang Wang, Yan-hua Xie, Si-wang Wang, Xiao-hui Zheng
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    Qin Xiong, Fuyou Tang, Yilin Li, Fengjiao Xie, Lei Yuan, Chengjiao Yao, Ruike Wu, Juan Wang, Qiuxiang Wang, Peimin Feng
    Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2022; 160: 110983.     CrossRef
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    Valentina Mihajlovic, Dean A Tripp, Jill A Jacobson
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    P. Thomson, P. Núñez, R. Quera, C. Bay
    New Microbes and New Infections.2021; 42: 100898.     CrossRef
  • Changes in Direct Healthcare Costs before and after the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
    Jooyoung Lee, Jong Pil Im, Kyungdo Han, Jihye Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Jaeyoung Chun, Joo Sung Kim
    Gut and Liver.2020; 14(1): 89.     CrossRef
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    Doireann Ni Dhalaigh, Anna Marie Greaney, Dawn Farrell
    Gastrointestinal Nursing.2020; 18(5): 42.     CrossRef
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  • Consensus document on the management preferences of patients with ulcerative colitis: points to consider and recommendations
    Francesc Casellas, Daniel Guinard Vicens, Santiago García-López, Yago González-Lama, Federico Argüelles-Arias, Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta, Laura Marín Sánchez, Juan Manuel Mendive, Roberto Saldaña, Ana Cabez, Susana Gómez, Estíbaliz Loza
    European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2020; 32(12): 1514.     CrossRef
  • Preconception Care Program for Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Intervention Mapping: A Protocol for Program Development
    Young Jin Lee, Yeon Hee Kim, Hae Won Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(24): 9365.     CrossRef
  • Herbs-partitioned moxibustion alleviates aberrant intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis by upregulating A20 expression in a mouse model of Crohn’s disease
    Jing Zhou, Lu-Yi Wu, Liu Chen, Ya-Jing Guo, Yi Sun, Tao Li, Ji-Meng Zhao, Chun-Hui Bao, Huan-Gan Wu, Yin Shi
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2019; 25(17): 2071.     CrossRef
  • EpidemIBD: rationale and design of a large-scale epidemiological study of inflammatory bowel disease in Spain
    María Chaparro, Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta, José Manuel Benítez, José Luis Cabriada, María José Casanova, Daniel Ceballos, María Esteve, Hipólito Fernández, Daniel Ginard, Fernando Gomollón, Rufo Lorente, Pilar Nos, Sabino Riestra, Montserrat Rivero, Pilar
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Application of Herbaceous Medications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease as a Complementary and Alternative Therapy
    Zili Lin, Huiyi Wu, Yiming Fu, Shixue Dai
    Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2019; 25(12): 1886.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the Nutrients and Food Products Intake of Polish Males with Ulcerative Colitis in Remission
    Dominika Głąbska, Dominika Guzek, Gustaw Lech
    Nutrients.2019; 11(10): 2333.     CrossRef
  • Are there also negative effects of social support? A qualitative study of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    Alexander Palant, Wolfgang Himmel
    BMJ Open.2019; 9(1): e022642.     CrossRef
  • Reactive Oxygen Species Deficiency Due to Ncf1-Mutation Leads to Development of Adenocarcinoma and Metabolomic and Lipidomic Remodeling in a New Mouse Model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis
    Lina Carvalho, Joana R. M. Gomes, Ludgero C. Tavares, Ana R. Xavier, Karel D. Klika, Rikard Holmdahl, Rui A. Carvalho, M. Margarida Souto-Carneiro
    Frontiers in Immunology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Complementary and alternative medicine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A survey performed in a tertiary center in Chile
    Antonia Fernández, Daniela Simian, Rodrigo Quera, Lilian Flores, Patricio Ibáñez, Jaime Lubascher, Carolina Figueroa, Udo Kronberg, Gonzalo Pizarro, Daniela Fluxá
    Complementary Therapies in Medicine.2018; 40: 77.     CrossRef
  • IBD2020 global forum: results of an international patient survey on quality of care
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Clinical features of Crohn's disease in Korean patients residing in Busan and Gyeongnam
Eun Ji Lee, Tae Oh Kim, Geun Am Song, Jong hun Lee, Hyung Wook Kim, Sam Ryong Jee, Seun Ja Park, Hyun Jin Kim, Jong Ha Park
Intest Res 2016;14(1):30-36.   Published online January 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2016.14.1.30
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
<b>Background/Aims</b><br/>

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that presents with variable features and repeated disease aggravation. The incidence of CD is increasing in Korea. We evaluated the clinical features of CD in a study population in Busan and Gyeongnam, Korea.

Methods

A hospital-based analysis included 619 patients diagnosed with CD between March 1986 and February 2013 from seven tertiary care hospitals in Busan and Gyeongnam. Individual case records were reviewed with regard to age at diagnosis, sex, disease location, disease behavior, and medical and surgical treatments received during the follow-up period.

Results

The cumulative frequency of patients diagnosed with CD revealed a continued increase in the number of cases reported yearly. The male-to-female ratio was 2.5:1 and the median age at diagnosis was 24 years. At diagnosis, 114 (18.4%) had isolated small bowel disease, 144 (23.3%) had isolated colonic disease, and 358 patients (57.8%) presented with disease in the small bowel and colon. The number of patients presenting with stricturing or penetrating disease behavior was 291 (47%) at the final evaluation. In total, 111 (17.9%) patients underwent intestinal resections.

Conclusions

A continued increase in the number of patients diagnosed with CD was found in Busan and Gyeongnam as observed in other regions. We report results similar to that of other Korean studies in terms of sex distribution, age, and location of disease.

Citations

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Statement
Use of Thiopurines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Consensus Statement by the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID)
Kang-Moon Lee, You Sun Kim, Geom Seog Seo, Tae Oh Kim, Suk-Kyun Yang, IBD Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
Intest Res 2015;13(3):193-207.   Published online June 9, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2015.13.3.193
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
<b>Background/Aims</b><br/>

For decades, thiopurines have been the mainstay of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment and will play an important role in the future. However, complex metabolism and various side effects limit the use of these potent drugs in clinical practice. The Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases developed a set of consensus statements with the aim of guiding clinicians on the appropriate use of thiopurines in the management of IBD.

Methods

Sixteen statements were initially drafted by five committee members. The quality of evidence and classification of recommendation were assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. The statements were then circulated to IBD experts in Korea for review, feedback, and then finalized and accepted by voting at the consensus meeting.

Results

The consensus statements comprised four parts: (1) pre-treatment evaluation and management strategy, including value of thiopurine S-methyltransferase screening, dosing schedule, and novel biomarkers for predicting thiopurine-induced leukopenia; (2) treatment with thiopurines with regards to optimal duration of thiopurine treatment and long-term outcomes of combination therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factors; (3) safety of thiopurines, especially during pregnancy and lactation; and (4) monitoring side effects or efficacy of therapy using biomarkers.

Conclusions

Thiopurines are an effective treatment option for patients with IBD. Management decisions should be individualized according to the risk of relapse and adverse events.

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Review
Epigenetic Alterations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cancer
Joo Mi Yi, Tae Oh Kim
Intest Res 2015;13(2):112-121.   Published online April 27, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2015.13.2.112
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader

Overwhelming evidences supports the idea that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by a complex interplay between genetic alterations of multiple genes and an aberrant interaction with environmental factors. There is growing evidence that epigenetic factors can play a significant part in the pathogenesis of IBD. Significant effort has been invested in uncovering genetic and epigenetic factors, which may increase the risk of IBD, but progress has been slow, and few IBD-specific factors have been detected so far. It has been known for decades that DNA methylation is the most well studied epigenetic modification, and analysis of DNA methylation is leading to a new generation of cancer biomarkers. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the role of DNA methylation alteration in IBD pathogenesis, and discuss specific genes or genetic loci using recent molecular technology advances. Here, we suggest that DNA methylation should be studied in depth to understand the molecular pathways of IBD pathogenesis, and discuss epigenetic studies of IBD that may have a significant impact on the field of IBD research.

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    Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.2019; 33: 60.     CrossRef
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    Su Hwan Kim, Ji Won Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Seohui Lee, Seong-Joon Koh, Ji Bong Jeong, Byeong Gwan Kim
    The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2018; 356(2): 141.     CrossRef
  • Protocol for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Haiming Fang, Lian Fu, Jiajia Wang
    BioMed Research International.2018; 2018: 1.     CrossRef
  • Epigenetic modulation of intestinal Na+/H+ exchanger-3 expression
    Anoop Kumar, Pooja Malhotra, Hayley Coffing, Shubha Priyamvada, Arivarasu N. Anbazhagan, Harish R. Krishnan, Ravinder K. Gill, Waddah A. Alrefai, David P. Gavin, Subhash C. Pandey, Pradeep K. Dudeja, Seema Saksena
    American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology.2018; 314(3): G309.     CrossRef
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    Chang Soo Eun
    Intestinal Research.2017; 15(2): 145.     CrossRef
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    Otgontuya Sambuudash, Hyun-Soo Kim, Mee Yon Cho
    Yonsei Medical Journal.2017; 58(4): 749.     CrossRef
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    C.A. Gonzalez-Correa, E. Mulett-Vásquez, D.A. Miranda, C.H. Gonzalez-Correa, P.A. Gómez-Buitrago
    Medical Hypotheses.2017; 108: 133.     CrossRef
  • The contribution of long non-coding RNAs in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
    Eirini Zacharopoulou, Maria Gazouli, Maria Tzouvala, Antonios Vezakis, George Karamanolis
    Digestive and Liver Disease.2017; 49(10): 1067.     CrossRef
  • Epigenetic silencing of NDRG2 promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and invasion
    Sung Noh Hong, Sung Jin Kim, Eun‐Ran Kim, Dong Kyung Chang, Young‐Ho Kim
    Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2016; 31(1): 164.     CrossRef
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Genetics, Epigenetics, and Pathogenesis
    Italia Loddo, Claudio Romano
    Frontiers in Immunology.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease
    Isabelle Cleynen, Séverine Vermeire
    Current Opinion in Gastroenterology.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Epigenetic Modification and Its Role in Alzheimer's Disease
    Yi-Ping Zhu, Ya Feng, Te Liu, Yun-Cheng Wu
    Integrative Medicine International.2015; 2(1-2): 63.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
The Effect of Infliximab on Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in Korea
Hyun Il Seo, Dong Il Park, Tae Oh Kim, You Sun Kim, Suck-Ho Lee, Ji Won Kim, Jae Hak Kim, Jeong Eun Shin
Intest Res 2014;12(3):214-220.   Published online July 25, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.3.214
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
<b>Background/Aims</b><br/>

Infliximab was introduced recently as a rescue therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) patients refractory to conventional treatments such as therapy with 5-amiono salicylic acids (5-ASA), immune modulators, and corticosteroids. However, there is insufficient data about its efficacy and safety in Korea.

Methods

From 7 tertiary referral hospitals, 33 patients who were treated with infliximab for moderate to severe (Mayo score 6-12) UC refractory to conventional treatment were recruited to this study. Clinical remission was defined as a total Mayo score of 2 or lower and every subscore less than 2. Partial response was defined as a decrease of Mayo score at least 3 points from baseline.

Results

Twenty-three patients (69.7%) showed clinical remission and 29 patients (87.8%) showed partial response in the observation period. When the remission and non-remission groups were compared in univariate analysis, only a higher total Mayo score at base line (11.0±0.9 vs. 9.9±1.5; P=0.04) was related to remission. The remission maintenance rate decreased with time in the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Two patients experienced re-remission after the first remission followed by aggravation during infliximab treatment. Three patients stopped infliximab treatment owing to adverse events including rhabdomyolysis, pneumonia, and fever of unknown origin.

Conclusions

If there is no choice except surgery for UC patients refractory to conventional treatment, infliximab is an effective and relatively safe treatment option for these patients in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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  • Long-term outcomes of infliximab treatment and predictors of response in 195 patients with ulcerative colitis: a hospital-based cohort study from Korea
    Hyungil Seo, Kiju Chang, Sun-Ho Lee, Eun-Mi Song, Gwang-Un Kim, Myeongsook Seo, Ho-Su Lee, Sung-Wook Hwang, Dong-Hoon Yang, Kyung-Jo Kim, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sang Hyoung Park
    Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2017; 52(8): 857.     CrossRef
  • Colectomy rates in patients with ulcerative colitis following treatment with infliximab or ciclosporin
    Kymberley Thorne, Laith Alrubaiy, Ashley Akbari, David G. Samuel, Sian Morrison-Rees, Stephen E. Roberts
    European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2016; 28(4): 369.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and safety of CT‐P13, a biosimilar of infliximab, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A retrospective multicenter study
    Yoon Suk Jung, Dong Il Park, Young Ho Kim, Ji Hyun Lee, Pyoung Ju Seo, Jae Hee Cheon, Hyoun Woo Kang, Ji Won Kim
    Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2015; 30(12): 1705.     CrossRef
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Studies in Korea: Present and Future
    Jung Won Lee, Jong Pil Im, Jae Hee Cheon, You Sun Kim, Joo Sung Kim, Dong Soo Han
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  • Circulating Ghrelin Levels and Obestatin/Ghrelin Ratio as a Marker of Activity in Ulcerative Colitis
    Ja Young Jung, Ji Bong Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Su Hwan Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Byeong Gwan Kim, Kook Lae Lee
    Intestinal Research.2015; 13(1): 68.     CrossRef
  • How to Write Bibliographies for Citing Domestic Academic Resources
    Hyun Jung Yi
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 65(1): 70.     CrossRef
  • Does the Cyclosporine Still Have a Potential Role in the Treatment of Acute Severe Steroid-Refractory Ulcerative Colitis?
    Chang Soo Eun, Dong Soo Han
    Gut and Liver.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Current and Emerging Biologics for Ulcerative Colitis
    Sung Chul Park, Yoon Tae Jeen
    Gut and Liver.2015; 9(1): 18.     CrossRef
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Comparison of the Efficacy and Tolerability between Same-day Picosulfate and Split-dose Polyethylene Glycol Bowel Preparation for Afternoon Colonoscopy: A Prospective, Randomized, Investigator-blinded Trial
Mi Seon Kang, Tae Oh Kim, Eun Hee Seo, Da Kyung Jung, Mo Se Kim, Nae Yun Heo, Jong Ha Park, Seung Ha Park, Young Soo Moon
Intest Res 2014;12(1):53-59.   Published online January 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.1.53
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
<b>Background/Aims</b><br/>

In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability between same-day bowel preparation protocols using 2 sachets of Picosulfate and a 4 L split-dose polyethylene glycol (PEG) bowel preparation for afternoon colonoscopy.

Methods

The study had a single-center, prospective, randomized, and investigator-blinded, non-inferiority design. We evaluated bowel preparation quality according to the Ottawa scale, patient tolerability, compliance, incidence of adverse events, sleep quality, and polyp/adenoma detection rate.

Results

Among the 196 patients analyzed (mean age, 55.3 years; 50.3% men), 97 received the same-day regimen of 2 sachets of picosulfate (group A) and 99 received the 4 L split-dose PEG regimen (group B). The Ottawa score of the total colon was 4.05±1.56 in group A and 3.80±1.55 in group B (P=0.255). The proportion of patients having adequate bowel preparation in the same-day picosulfate group (61.5%) was slightly less than the 4 L PEG group (71.3%); however, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.133). Tolerability of the group A regimen was superior to that of the group B regimen (P<0.000). The same-day picosulfate regimen was associated with fewer adverse events, such as abdominal bloating (P=0.037) and better sleep quality (P<0.000).

Conclusions

The same-day picosulfate regimen and the 4 L split-dose PEG regimen had similar efficacy in bowel preparation for afternoon colonoscopy. However, the same-day picosulfate regimen was easier to administer, produced fewer adverse events, and enabled better sleep quality.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Hitomi Hori, Nobuaki Ikezawa, Shinwa Tanaka, Chise Ueda, Mizuho Fujisawa, Shinya Hoki, Hiroshi Tanabe, Ryosuke Ishida, Norihiro Okamoto, Hiroshi Takayama, Haruka Miyazaki, Hiroya Sakaguchi, Masato Kinoshita, Hirofumi Abe, Tetsuya Yoshizaki, Makoto Ooi, Ma
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    Chen-Ta Yang, Hsuan-Yuan Huang, Hsu-Heng Yen, Chia-Wei Yang, Yang-Yuan Chen, Siou-Ping Huang
    Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2022; 67(8): 3964.     CrossRef
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    Luis Fernando Roldán Molina, Lina María Roldán Delfino, Sandra Milena León Ramírez, Edilberto Elías Nuñez Cabarcas, Hilda María Pérez Useche, Antonio José Restrepo Peláez, María Adelaida Saffón Abad, Julio Eduardo Zuleta Muñoz, Juan Nicolás Zuluaga Aguila
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    Kathleen Zawaly, Colin Rumbolt, Ahmed M. Abou-Setta, Christine Neilson, Rasheda Rabbani, Ryan Zarychanski, Harminder Singh
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    Hoonsub So, Sun-Jin Boo, Hyungil Seo, Ho-Su Lee, Hyojeong Lee, Sang Hyoung Park, Kyung-Jo Kim, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Jin-Ho Kim, Seungbong Han, Dong-Hoon Yang
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  • 5,803 View
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Case Report
Ulcerative Colitis Complicating Pseudomembranous Colitis of the Right Colon
Hee Rin Joo, Tae Oh Kim, Tae Gyoon Kim, Eun Hee Seo, Jongha Park, Seung Ha Park, Sung Yeon Yang, Young Soo Moon
Intest Res 2011;9(2):144-147.   Published online August 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2011.9.2.144
AbstractAbstract PDF
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a cytotoxin-producing anaerobic gram-positive rod that is responsible for pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). The incidence of C. difficile is increasing in ulcerative colitis (UC) and inflammatory bowel disease patients and is associated with a more severe course, a longer hospital stay, higher financial costs, a greater likelihood of colectomy, and high mortality. PMC may occur anywhere along the intestinal tract, but it is often found in the distal colon. PMC involving the proximal colon with rectosigmoid sparing is rarely reported in patients with UC. We describe the case of a 35-year-old woman in remission from UC who presented with frequent diarrhea and abdominal pain. She was treated with ciprofloxacin for infectious enterocolitis at a local hospital; however, her symptoms did not improve. A colonoscopy revealed yellow-white plaques with edematous, erythematous from the proximal ascending colon to the cecum, and feces positive for C. difficile toxin. She was treated with metronidazole (500 mg, three times a day) for two weeks, and improved rapidly. Physicians should carefully examine the entire colon via colonoscopy, and perform stool exams for C. difficile in patients with UC who have been treated with antibiotics and in those who develop prolonged diarrhea despite medical treatment. (Intest Res 2011;9:144-147)
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Original Article
Clinical and Endoscopic Characteristics of Acute Hemorrhagic Rectal Ulcer and the Risk Factor of Rebleeding
Sung Han Park, Tae Oh Kim, Jung Nam Lee, Hyun Seok You, Dong Yup Ryu, Bong Yun Lee, Geun Am Song
Intest Res 2009;7(1):8-13.   Published online June 30, 2009
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background/Aims
Acute hemorrhagic rectal ulcers (AHRUs) are rare and have not been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to assess the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of AHRUs and to determine the risk factors for rebleeding after the initial management. Methods: Thirty patients who underwent colonoscopy within 48 hours of the onset of hematochezia were consecutively enrolled between January 2004 and December 2007. The patients were divided into a rebleeding group and a non-rebleeding group according to presence of recurrent bleeding after initial management. We analyzed the clinical features, including the underlying disorder, the Karnofsky performance status (PS), the use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents, the endoscopic findings, and the methods used for hemostasis. Results: All of the patients were elderly, in a bedridden status, and all had experienced the sudden onset of massive, fresh rectal bleeding without pain. The characteristics of the lesions on colonoscopy included solitary or multiple rectal ulcers, or Dieulafoy lesions located in the distal rectum. There were no differences between the two groups based on mean age, gender, use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents, PS, methods of hemostasis, and clinical outcomes. The PT (INR) and endoscopic findings (Dieulafoy types), however, differed significantly between the two groups (p=0.024 and p=0.013, respectively). Conclusions: When massive hematochezia occurs in bedridden patients with severe comorbid illnesses, AHRUs should be considered in the differential diagnosis. It is advisable to be vigilant for rebleeding in patients with prolongation of the PT (INR) and Dieulafoy-type ulcers on colonoscopy.
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Case Report
A Case of Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Appendix
Sun Mi Lee, Tae Oh Kim, Gwang Ha Kim, Jung Heo, Dae Hwan Kang, Geun Am Song, Mong Cho
Intest Res 2007;5(2):184-187.   Published online December 30, 2007
AbstractAbstract PDF
It is known that the most common causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding are diverticulosis and angiodysplasia. In addition to these causes, a malignant neoplasm, hemorrhoids, Meckel’s diverticulum, infection, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory disease due to radiation treatment, ischemic colitis, and vasculitis due to connective tissue disease can commonly produce lower gastrointestinal bleeding. A colon varix, endometriosis, or Dieulafoy's lesion rarely causes lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding that is localized to the appendix is extremely rare, and may be caused by angiodysplasia, an ulcer due to aspirin, endometriosis, a lymphoma, or fissures on the mucous membrane associated with appendicitis. A colonoscopy, radioisotope scan, and angiography are modalities used to diagnose lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and recently, multi-detector row CT (MDCT) has been used for cases where it has been difficult to locate a lesion with other methods or to diagnose a patient when endoscopic access was not available. We report a case of a patient that came to the hospital complaining of hematochezia, and bleeding in the appendix was determined after an MDCT examination and colonoscopy. Subsequently, the patient was treated with surgery. (Intest Res 2007;5:184-187)
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Original Article
Clinicopathologic Features and Endoscopic Treatment of Laterally Spreading Tumors of the Colorectum
Cheol Woong Choi, Sun Mi Lee, Tae Oh Kim, Gwang Ha Kim, Jung Heo, Dae Hwan Kang, Geun Am Song, Mong Cho
Intest Res 2007;5(1):33-37.   Published online June 30, 2007
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background/Aims
Laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) of the colorectum are defined as lesions greater than 10 mm in diameter with a low vertical axis that extend laterally along the luminal wall. We analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics and endoscopic treatment of LSTs on the colorectum. Methods: The 127 colorectal LSTs were collected from January 2005 through February 2007. Those lesions were analysed according to their endoscopic and pathologic findings. Results: 67 LSTs (52.8%) were more than 20 mm in size. Most common involved sites of LSTs were rectum (32.4%) and ascending colon (25.9%). Most common subtype of LSTs were granular-homogeneous type (G-H) (37%). Histologic types were 76 tubular adenomas (59.8%), 24 tubulovillous adenomas (18.8%), 6 villous adenomas (4.8%) and 21 adenocarcinoma (16.6%). Both nodular mixed type (G-NM) and pseudo-depressed type (NG-PD) contained a carcinomatous component with high frequency as compared with the G-H type. Carcinoma invaded into the submucosa were present in 3 lesions of G-NM type and 6 lesions of NG-PD type. Conclusions: LSTs showed different clinicopathologic characteristics depending on the morphologic classification. G-NM type or NG-PD type had more malignant potential than other types. Endoscopists should select an adequate therapeutic strategy for large LST with careful consideration. (Intest Res 2007;5:33-37)
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