Intestinal Research

Review

IBD

Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis combined with inflammatory bowel disease: You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko; Intest Res 2023;21(4):420-432. Published online September 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00039

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive cholestatic, inflammatory, and fibrotic disease that is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PSC-IBD represents a unique disease entity and patients with this disease have an increased risk of malignancy development, such as colorectal cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. The pathogenesis of PSC-IBD involves genetic and environmental factors such as gut dysbiosis and bile acids alteration. However, despite the advancement of disease characteristics, no effective medical therapy has proven to have a significant impact on the prognosis of PSC. The treatment options for patients with PSC-IBD do not differ from those for patients with PSC alone. Potential candidate drugs have been developed based on the pathogenesis of PSC-IBD, such as those that target modulation of bile acids, inflammation, fibrosis, and gut dysbiosis. In this review, we summarize the current medical treatments for PSC-IBD and the status of new emerging therapeutic agents.

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The American Journal of Pathology.2025; 195(3): 409. CrossRef
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Daniel Ginard, Noelia Fontanillas, Iria Bastón-Rey, M. Elena Pejenaute, Marta Piqueras, Silvia Alcalde, Pilar Nos, Mercedes Ricote, Lucía Expósito, Míriam Mañosa, Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta, Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta, Yamile Zabana, José Polo, Ana Gutiér
Gastroenterología y Hepatología.2025; 48(3): 502255. CrossRef
Documento de posicionamiento de la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) y del Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU) sobre el manejo de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en atención primari
Daniel Ginard, Noelia Fontanillas, Iria Bastón-Rey, M. Elena Pejenaute, Marta Piqueras, Silvia Alcalde, Pilar Nos, Mercedes Ricote, Lucía Expósito, Míriam Mañosa, Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta, Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta, Yamile Zabana, José Polo, Ana Gutiér
Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN.2025; : 102334. CrossRef
Position statement of the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) and Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in Primary Care
Daniel Ginard, Noelia Fontanillas, Iria Bastón-Rey, M. Elena Pejenaute, Marta Piqueras, Silvia Alcalde, Pilar Nos, Mercedes Ricote, Lucía Expósito, Míriam Mañosa, Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta, Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta, Yamile Zabana, José Polo, Ana Gutiér
Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition).2025; 48(3): 502255. CrossRef
Novel preclinical developments of the primary sclerosing cholangitis treatment landscape
Aalam Sohal, Kris V. Kowdley
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs.2024; 33(4): 335. CrossRef
Gut Microbiota in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: From Prognostic Role to Therapeutic Implications
Valeria Maccauro, Francesca Fianchi, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesca Romana Ponziani
Digestive Diseases.2024; 42(4): 369. CrossRef
Global research trends on the relationship between IBD and CRC: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023
Hao Zhang, Huiru Xin, Mengqi Zhao, Chenyang Bi, Yafei Xiao, Yifan Li, Changjiang Qin
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Halitosis: an underestimated but important extraintestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease
Xiao Xian Qian
Intestinal Research.2024; 22(3): 387. CrossRef
Phenotypes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children
M.B. Dyba, V.S. Berezenko
GASTROENTEROLOGY.2024; 58(4): 270. CrossRef

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Corrigendum

IBD

Corrigendum: Real-world effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab induction therapy for Korean patients with Crohn’s disease: a KASID prospective multicenter study: Kyunghwan Oh, Hee Seung Hong, Nam Seok Ham, Jungbok Lee, Sang Hyoung Park, Suk-Kyun Yang, Hyuk Yoon, You Sun Kim, Chang Hwan Choi, Byong Duk Ye, on behalf of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases; Intest Res 2023;21(2):273-273. Published online April 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00173.e; Corrects: Intest Res 2023;21(1):137

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Original Article

IBD

Real-world effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab induction therapy for Korean patients with Crohn’s disease: a KASID prospective multicenter study: Kyunghwan Oh, Hee Seung Hong, Nam Seok Ham, Jungbok Lee, Sang Hyoung Park, Suk-Kyun Yang, Hyuk Yoon, You Sun Kim, Chang Hwan Choi, Byong Duk Ye, on behalf of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases; Intest Res 2023;21(1):137-147. Published online July 12, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00173; Correction in: Intest Res 2023;21(2):273

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Background/Aims
We investigated the real-world effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab (UST) as induction treatment for Koreans with Crohn’s disease (CD).
Methods
CD patients who started UST were prospectively enrolled from 4 hospitals in Korea. All enrolled patients received intravenous UST infusion at week 0 and subcutaneous UST injection at week 8. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) scores at weeks 8 and 20 among patients with active disease (CDAI ≥150) at baseline. Clinical remission was defined as a CDAI <150, and clinical response was defined as a reduction in CDAI ≥70 points from baseline. Safety and factors associated with clinical remission at week 20 were also analyzed.
Results
Sixty-five patients were enrolled between January 2019 and December 2020. Among 49 patients with active disease at baseline (CDAI ≥150), clinical remission and clinical response at week 8 were achieved in 26 (53.1%) and 30 (61.2%) patients, respectively. At week 20, 27 (55.1%) and 35 (71.4%) patients achieved clinical remission and clinical response, respectively. Twenty-seven patients (41.5%) experienced adverse events, with serious adverse events in 3 patients (4.6%). One patient (1.5%) stopped UST therapy due to poor response. Underweight (body mass index <18.5 kg/m²) (odds ratio [OR], 0.085; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.014–0.498; P=0.006) and elevated C-reactive protein at baseline (OR, 0.133; 95% CI, 0.022–0.823; P=0.030) were inversely associated with clinical remission at week 20.
Conclusions
UST was effective and well-tolerated as induction therapy for Korean patients with CD.

Citations

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Long-term real-world data of ustekinumab in Crohn’s disease: the Stockholm ustekinumab study
Francesca Bello, Samer Muhsen, Haider Sabhan, Alexandra Borin, Fredrik Johansson, Charlotte Höög, Ole Forsberg, Christina Wennerström, Charlotte Söderman, Mikael Lördal, Sven Almer
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Approach to loss of response to advanced therapies in inflammatory bowel disease
Nikil Vootukuru, Abhinav Vasudevan
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 30(22): 2902. CrossRef
One-year Safety and Effectiveness of Ustekinumab in Patients With Crohn’s Disease: The K-STAR Study
Chang Kyun Lee, Won Moon, Jaeyoung Chun, Eun Soo Kim, Hyung Wook Kim, Hyuk Yoon, Hyun Soo Kim, Yoo Jin Lee, Chang Hwan Choi, Yunho Jung, Sung Chul Park, Geun Am Song, Jong Hun Lee, Eun Suk Jung, Youngdoe Kim, Su Young Jung, Jong Min Choi, Byong Duk Ye
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Corrigendum: Real-world effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab induction therapy for Korean patients with Crohn’s disease: a KASID prospective multicenter study
Kyunghwan Oh, Hee Seung Hong, Nam Seok Ham, Jungbok Lee, Sang Hyoung Park, Suk-Kyun Yang, Hyuk Yoon, You Sun Kim, Chang Hwan Choi, Byong Duk Ye
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(2): 273. CrossRef

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Editorial

IBD

Does cytomegalovirus load predict the outcome of acute severe ulcerative colitis?: You Sun Kim; Intest Res 2021;19(4):357-359. Published online October 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00120

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Tissue quantitative RT–PCR test for diagnostic significance of cytomegalovirus infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and treatment response: Cytomegalovirus infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Burcu Ozdemir, Ali Atay, Meral Akdogan Kayhan, Yasemin Ozderin Ozin, Dilara Turan Gokce, Adalet Altunsoy, Rahmet Guner
Medicine.2023; 102(31): e34463. CrossRef
Viral Hepatitis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Seung Hwan Shin, Sang Hyoung Park
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 80(2): 51. CrossRef
Cytomegalovirus Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Jun Lee
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 80(2): 60. CrossRef

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Original Articles

IBD

Clinical outcomes and predictors of response for adalimumab in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: a KASID prospective multicenter cohort study: Seung Yong Shin, Soo Jung Park, Young Kim, Jong Pil Im, Hyo Jong Kim, Kang-Moon Lee, Ji Won Kim, Sung-Ae Jung, Jun Lee, Sang-Bum Kang, Sung Jae Shin, Eun Sun Kim, You Sun Kim, Tae Oh Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Dong Il Park, Hyung Kil Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Young-Ho Kim, Do Hyun Kim, Dennis Teng, Jong-Hwa Kim, Wonyong Kim, Chang Hwan Choi, on behalf of the IBD Research Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases; Intest Res 2022;20(3):350-360. Published online July 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00049

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Background/Aims
This study assessed the efficacy and safety of adalimumab (ADA) and explored predictors of response in Korean patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).
Methods
A prospective, observational, multicenter study was conducted over 56 weeks in adult patients with moderately to severely active UC who received ADA. Clinical response, remission, and mucosal healing were assessed using the Mayo score.
Results
A total of 146 patients were enrolled from 17 academic hospitals. Clinical response rates were 52.1% and 37.7% and clinical remission rates were 24.0% and 22.0% at weeks 8 and 56, respectively. Mucosal healing rates were 39.0% and 30.1% at weeks 8 and 56, respectively. Prior use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) did not affect clinical and endoscopic responses. The ADA drug level was significantly higher in patients with better outcomes at week 8 (P<0.05). In patients with lower endoscopic activity, higher body mass index, and higher serum albumin levels at baseline, the clinical response rate was higher at week 8. In patients with lower Mayo scores and C-reactive protein levels, clinical responses, and mucosal healing at week 8, the clinical response rate was higher at week 56. Serious adverse drug reactions were identified in 2.8% of patients.
Conclusions
ADA is effective and safe for induction and maintenance in Korean patients with UC, regardless of prior anti-TNF-α therapy. The ADA drug level is associated with the efficacy of induction therapy. Patients with better short-term outcomes were predictive of those with an improved long-term response.

Citations

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Prospective Observational Evaluation of the Time-Dependency of Adalimumab Immunogenicity and Drug Concentration in Ulcerative Colitis Patients: the POETIC II Study
Sivan Harnik, Chaya M Abitbol, Ola Haj Natour, Miri Yavzori, Ella Fudim, Orit Picard, Timna Naftali, Efrat Broide, Ayal Hirsch, Limor Selinger, Eyal Shachar, Doron Yablecovitch, Ahmad Albshesh, Daniel Coscas, Uri Kopylov, Rami Eliakim, Shomron Ben-Horin,
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2024; 18(3): 341. CrossRef
Rapidly achieving clinical remission in ulcerative colitis indicates better endoscopic and histological outcomes
Rirong Chen, Yizhe Tie, Yongle Huang, Xi Zhang, Zhirong Zeng, Minhu Chen, Li Li, Shenghong Zhang
United European Gastroenterology Journal.2024; 12(4): 459. CrossRef
Effectiveness of adalimumab in severe ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and a meta‐analysis
Saleh Azadbakht, Masomeh Seighali, Salehe Azadbakht, Morteza Azadbakht
Health Science Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Dynamic changes in the gut microbiota composition during adalimumab therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis: implications for treatment response prediction and therapeutic targets
Han Na Oh, Seung Yong Shin, Jong-Hwa Kim, Jihye Baek, Hyo Jong Kim, Kang-Moon Lee, Soo Jung Park, Seok-Young Kim, Hyung-Kyoon Choi, Wonyong Kim, Woo Jun Sul, Chang Hwan Choi
Gut Pathogens.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Real-world effectiveness and safety of advanced therapies for the treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: Evidence from a systematic literature review
Peter M. Irving, Peter Hur, Raju Gautam, Xiang Guo, Severine Vermeire
Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy.2024; 30(9): 1026. CrossRef
Korean clinical practice guidelines on biologics and small molecules for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
Soo-Young Na, Chang Hwan Choi, Eun Mi Song, Ki Bae Bang, Sang Hyoung Park, Eun Soo Kim, Jae Jun Park, Bora Keum, Chang Kyun Lee, Bo-In Lee, Seung-Bum Ryoo, Seong-Joon Koh, Miyoung Choi, Joo Sung Kim
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(1): 61. CrossRef
Changes in fecal metabolic and lipidomic features by anti-TNF treatment and prediction of clinical remission in patients with ulcerative colitis
Seok-Young Kim, Seung Yong Shin, Soo Jung Park, Jong Pil Im, Hyo Jong Kim, Kang-Moon Lee, Ji Won Kim, Sung-Ae Jung, Jun Lee, Sang-Bum Kang, Sung Jae Shin, Eun Sun Kim, You Sun Kim, Tae Oh Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Dong Il Park, Hyung Kil Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Young-
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Reviewing not Homer’s Iliad, but “Kai Bao Ben Cao”: indigo dye—the past, present, and future
Yusuke Yoshimatsu, Tomohisa Sujino, Takanori Kanai
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(2): 174. CrossRef
Precision medicine and drug optimization in adult inflammatory bowel disease patients
Sophie Vieujean, Edouard Louis
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Real-world effectiveness and safety of adalimumab in Korean patients with intestinal Behcet’s disease: a Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID) multicenter study
Seung Bum Lee, Hee Seung Hong, Chang Kyun Lee, Bo-In Lee, Sol Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Hosun Yu, Jung-Bin Park, Sung Wook Hwang, Byong Duk Ye, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sang Hyoung Park
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2023; 38(5): 661. CrossRef
Advancements in the Management of Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Revised 2023 Korean Treatment Guidelines
Soo-Young Na
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2023; 98(5): 223. CrossRef
Prediction of Clinical Remission with Adalimumab Therapy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis by Fourier Transform–Infrared Spectroscopy Coupled with Machine Learning Algorithms
Seok-Young Kim, Seung Yong Shin, Maham Saeed, Ji Eun Ryu, Jung-Seop Kim, Junyoung Ahn, Youngmi Jung, Jung Min Moon, Chang Hwan Choi, Hyung-Kyoon Choi
Metabolites.2023; 14(1): 2. CrossRef
Association of C-reactive Protein and Partial Mayo Score With Response to Tofacitinib Induction Therapy: Results From the Ulcerative Colitis Clinical Program
Marla C Dubinsky, Fernando Magro, Flavio Steinwurz, David P Hudesman, Jami A Kinnucan, Ryan C Ungaro, Markus F Neurath, Nicole Kulisek, Jerome Paulissen, Chinyu Su, Dario Ponce de Leon, Miguel Regueiro
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness and Safety of Golimumab in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicenter, Prospective, Postmarketing Surveillance Study
Jongwook Yu, Soo Jung Park, Hyung Wook Kim, Yun Jeong Lim, Jihye Park, Jae Myung Cha, Byong Duk Ye, Tae Oh Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Hyun Seok Lee, Su Young Jung, Youngdoe Kim, Chang Hwan Choi
Gut and Liver.2022; 16(5): 764. CrossRef
Pharmacogenetics-based personalized treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A review
Ji Young Chang, Jae Hee Cheon
Precision and Future Medicine.2021; 5(4): 151. CrossRef

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IBD

Evaluation of nutritional status using bioelectrical impedance analysis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Seung Hyuk Kim, You Sun Kim, Si Hyeong Lee, Hyun Mi Lee, Won Eui Yoon, Seo Hyun Kim, Hee Jun Myung, Jeong Seop Moon; Intest Res 2022;20(3):321-328. Published online July 20, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00022

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims
Nutritional status influences quality of life among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although there is no clear method to evaluate nutritional status in this setting. Therefore, this study examined whether bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) could be used to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with IBD.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from 139 Korean patients with IBD who were treated between November 2018 and November 2019. Patients were categorized as having active or inactive IBD based on the Harvey-Bradshaw index (a score of ≥5 indicates active Crohn’s disease) and the partial Mayo scoring index (a score of ≥2 indicates active ulcerative colitis). BIA results and serum nutritional markers were analyzed according to disease activity.
Results
The mean patient age was 45.11±17.71 years. The study included 47 patients with ulcerative colitis and 92 patients with Crohn’s disease. Relative to the group with active disease (n=72), the group with inactive disease (n=67) had significantly higher values for hemoglobin (P<0.001), total protein (P<0.001), and albumin (P<0.001). Furthermore, the group with inactive disease had higher BIA values for body moisture (P=0.047), muscle mass (P=0.046), skeletal muscle mass (P=0.042), body mass index (P=0.027), and mineral content (P=0.034). Moreover, the serum nutritional markers were positively correlated with the BIA results.
Conclusions
Nutritional markers evaluated using BIA were correlated with serum nutritional markers and inversely correlated with disease activity. Therefore, we suggest that BIA may be a useful tool that can help existing nutritional tests monitor the nutritional status of IBD patients.

Citations

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Comparison of body composition change, measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis, between singleton and twin pregnancy: A prospective cohort study
Bo Young Choi, Sae Yeon Jung, Hee Kyeong Lee, Min Jung Lee, Hyeon Ji Kim, Jee Yoon Park, Kyung Joon Oh
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.2025; 306: 154. CrossRef
BODY FAT COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN SKINFOLDS AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Isadora Sayuri Macedo TUMA, Maria Paula Carlin CAMBI, Thyago Proença de MORAES, Daniéla Oliveira MAGRO, Paulo Gustavo KOTZE
Arquivos de Gastroenterologia.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Navigating the Intersection: Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Valentin Calvez, Guia Becherucci, Carlo Covello, Giulia Piccirilli, Irene Mignini, Giorgio Esposto, Lucrezia Laterza, Maria Elena Ainora, Franco Scaldaferri, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Assunta Zocco
Biomedicines.2024; 12(6): 1218. CrossRef
Association between inflammatory bowel disease and osteoporosis in European and East Asian populations: exploring causality, mediation by nutritional status, and shared genetic architecture
Jian Kang, Xize Wu, Yue Li, Shuangli Zhao, Shixuan Wang, Dongdong Yu
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Micronutrient Deficiency and Muscular Status in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Joonhee Han, Hyun Joo Song, Min Sook Kang, Hogyung Jun, Heung Up Kim, Ki Soo Kang, Donghyoun Lee
Nutrients.2024; 16(21): 3763. CrossRef
Evaluation of Nutritional Characteristics Reveals Similar Prevalence of Malnutrition in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease
Arshdeep Singh, Vandana Midha, Ramit Mahajan, Shruti Verma, Chandan Kakkar, Jasmine Grover, Dharmatma Singh, Ramandeep Kaur, Abhishek Masih, Namita Bansal, Catherine Wall, Ajit Sood
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2023; 68(2): 580. CrossRef
Response to Ustekinumab Therapy Is Associated with an Improvement of Nutritional Status in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Lorenzo Bertani, Claudia D’Alessandro, Marco Fornili, Francesca Coppini, Federico Zanzi, Luca Carmisciano, Francesca Geri, Giovanni Baiano Svizzero, Emma Maria Rosi, Alice De Bernardi, Linda Ceccarelli, Maria Gloria Mumolo, Laura Baglietto, Massimo Bellin
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(19): 6118. CrossRef
Clinical Implications of Dietary Probiotic Supplement (Associated with L-Glutamine and Biotin) in Ulcerative Colitis Patients’ Body Composition and Quality of Life
Flavia Maria Pavel, Simona Gabriela Bungau, Delia Mirela Tit, Timea Claudia Ghitea, Ruxandra Cristina Marin, Andrei-Flavius Radu, Radu Dumitru Moleriu, Tiberia Ilias, Cristian Bustea, Cosmin Mihai Vesa
Nutrients.2023; 15(24): 5049. CrossRef

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IBD

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with disease activity in patients with Crohn’s disease: Kyoung Ho Ko, You Sun Kim, Bo Kyung Lee, Jong Hyun Choi, Yong Moon Woo, Jin Young Kim, Jeong Seop Moon; Intest Res 2019;17(1):70-77. Published online October 10, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.00022

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims
Previous data suggest that vitamin D has a significant role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in Korean patients with IBD and the correlation between serum vitamin D level and disease activity.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with IBD whose serum vitamin D levels were checked. Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was defined as <20 ng/mL. Disease activity was evaluated using the partial Mayo score for ulcerative colitis (≥2 defined as active disease) and Harvey-Bradshaw index for Crohn’s disease (≥4 defined as active disease).
Results
We enrolled 87 patients with IBD (ulcerative colitis [UC], 45; Crohn’s disease [CD], 42). Among them, 65.5% (57/87) were men, with a mean age of 44.9±15.1 years (range, 18–75 years). The mean duration of disease was 4.7±4.8 years (range, 0.1–17.1 years). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 73.6% (64/87) of patients with IBD. Patients with IBD (mean vitamin D level, 16.3±9.0 ng/mL) showed lower vitamin D level than the healthy control group (mean vitamin D level, 20.4±7.0 ng/mL), with no statistically significant difference (P=0.136). Disease activity was inversely correlated with vitamin D deficiency in patients with CD (P=0.007). However, no correlation was observed in patients with UC (P=0.134).
Conclusions
Approximately 75% of Korean patients with IBD showed vitamin D deficiency state. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with disease activity, particularly in patients with CD.

Citations

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Correlation of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors With Incidence of Crohn Disease in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Regression
Jens Weidner, Ingmar Glauche, Ulf Manuwald, Ivana Kern, Ines Reinecke, Franziska Bathelt, Makan Amin, Fan Dong, Ulrike Rothe, Joachim Kugler
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2024; 10: e48682. CrossRef
Micronutrient Deficiency and Muscular Status in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Joonhee Han, Hyun Joo Song, Min Sook Kang, Hogyung Jun, Heung Up Kim, Ki Soo Kang, Donghyoun Lee
Nutrients.2024; 16(21): 3763. CrossRef
Is Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level Associated with Severity of COVID-19? A Retrospective Study
Munachimso Kizito Mbata, Mireille Hunziker, Anja Makhdoomi, Giorgia Lüthi-Corridori, Maria Boesing, Stéphanie Giezendanner, Jürgen Muser, Anne B. Leuppi-Taegtmeyer, Jörg D. Leuppi
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(17): 5520. CrossRef
Genotype Prevalence of Lactose Deficiency, Vitamin D Deficiency, and the Vitamin D Receptor in a Chilean Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort: Insights from an Observational Study
Tamara Pérez-Jeldres, M. Bustamante, Roberto Segovia-Melero, Nataly Aguilar, Fabien Magne, Gabriel Ascui, Denisse Uribe, Lorena Azócar, Cristián Hernández-Rocha, Ricardo Estela, Verónica Silva, Andrés De La Vega, Elizabeth Arriagada, Mauricio Gonzalez, Gi
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(19): 14866. CrossRef
The correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chenyu Liu, Xin Liu, Haitao Shi, Fenrong Chen, Linlang Sun, Xin Gao, Yan Wang
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2023; 35(12): 1375. CrossRef
Prevalence and relevant factors of micronutrient deficiencies in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Xiaojuan Li, Yedong Hu, Xiaodan Shi, Xinyan Zhu, Fei Liu
Nutrition.2022; 99-100: 111671. CrossRef
The Role of Vitamin D in Immune System and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Zengrong Wu, Deliang Liu, Feihong Deng
Journal of Inflammation Research.2022; Volume 15: 3167. CrossRef
Evaluation of nutritional status using bioelectrical impedance analysis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Seung Hyuk Kim, You Sun Kim, Si Hyeong Lee, Hyun Mi Lee, Won Eui Yoon, Seo Hyun Kim, Hee Jun Myung, Jeong Seop Moon
Intestinal Research.2022; 20(3): 321. CrossRef
The Crosstalk between Vitamin D and Pediatric Digestive Disorders
Cristina Oana Mărginean, Lorena Elena Meliț, Reka Borka Balas, Anca Meda Văsieșiu, Tudor Fleșeriu
Diagnostics.2022; 12(10): 2328. CrossRef
Intestinal vitamin D receptor signaling ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis by suppressing necroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells
Yongyan Shi, Xuewei Cui, Yanli Sun, Qun Zhao, Tianjing Liu
The FASEB Journal.2020; 34(10): 13494. CrossRef
Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Disease Activity in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Ahvaz, Iran

Esmat Rasouli, Narges Sadeghi, Abazar Parsi, Seyed Jalal Hashemi, Morteza Nayebi, Aliakbar Shayesteh
Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology.2020; Volume 13: 419. CrossRef
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Vitamin D
Ki Bae Kim, Hyoung Woo Kim, Jun Su Lee, Soon Man Yoon
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 76(6): 275. CrossRef
Implications of the Westernized Diet in the Onset and Progression of IBD
Fernando Rizzello, Enzo Spisni, Elisabetta Giovanardi, Veronica Imbesi, Marco Salice, Patrizia Alvisi, Maria Chiara Valerii, Paolo Gionchetti
Nutrients.2019; 11(5): 1033. CrossRef
Vitamin D deficiency associated with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis of 55 observational studies
Xi-Xi Li, Yang Liu, Jie Luo, Zhen-Dong Huang, Chao Zhang, Yan Fu
Journal of Translational Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Disease Activity in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Johannes Hausmann, Alica Kubesch, Mana Amiri, Natalie Filmann, Irina Blumenstein
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2019; 8(9): 1319. CrossRef
The Association of Disease Activity, BMI and Phase Angle with Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with IBD
Maria Chiara Mentella, Franco Scaldaferri, Marco Pizzoferrato, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano
Nutrients.2019; 11(11): 2583. CrossRef

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16 Crossref

IBD

Is Clostridium difficile infection a real threat in patients with ulcerative colitis? A prospective, multicenter study in Korea: Dae Bum Kim, Kang-Moon Lee, Sang Hyoung Park, You Sun Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Jun Lee, Sung-Ae Jung, Geom Seog Seo, Ji Min Lee; Intest Res 2018;16(2):267-272. Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.16.2.267

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Background/Aims

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been reported to be a cause of flare-ups in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We evaluated the prevalence and clinical outcomes of CDI in patients with UC hospitalized for flare-ups.

Methods

This was a prospective, multicenter study including 7 academic teaching hospitals in Korea. All consecutive patients with UC admitted for disease flare-up were enrolled. We detected the presence of CDI by using enzyme immunoassay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for toxin genes, and sigmoidoscopy.

Results

Eighty-one consecutive patients with UC were enrolled from January 2014 to December 2015. Among 81 patients, 8 (9.9%) were diagnosed with CDI. Most of the cases were identified by RT-PCR. Enzyme immunoassay was positive in 3 of 8 patients, and only 1 had typical endoscopic findings of pseudomembranous colitis. There were no differences in demographic data, length of hospital stay, or colectomy rate between patients with and without CDI.

Conclusions

CDI was not a rare cause of flare-up in patients with UC in Korea. However, CDI did not appear to affect the course of UC flare-up in Korean patients. RT-PCR was sensitive in detecting CDI and can be considered a diagnostic tool in patients with UC flare-up.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Low prevalence of Clostridioides difficile infection in acute severe ulcerative colitis: A retrospective cohort study from northern India
Sandeep Mundhra, David Thomas, Saransh Jain, Pabitra Sahu, Sudheer Vuyyuru, Peeyush Kumar, Bhaskar Kante, Rajesh Panwar, Peush Sahni, Rama Chaudhry, Prasenjit Das, Govind Makharia, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 42(3): 411. CrossRef
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: 10-Year South Korean Experience Based on the National Database
Eun Mi Song, Arum Choi, Sukil Kim, Sung Hoon Jung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Clostridioides Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Mi Rae Lee, Eun Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 80(2): 66. CrossRef
Clostridium difficile in ulcerative colitis; a retrospective study
O. V. Knyazev, A. V. Kagramanova, M. E. Chernova, I. A. Koroleva, A. I. Parfenov
Almanac of Clinical Medicine.2018; 46(5): 474. CrossRef

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Infection

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection by real-time polymerase chain reaction: Pil Hun Song, Jung Hwa Min, You Sun Kim, Soo Yeon Jo, Eun Jin Kim, Kyung Jin Lee, Jeonghun Lee, Hyun Sung, Jeong Seop Moon, Dong Hee Whang; Intest Res 2018;16(1):109-115. Published online January 18, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.16.1.109

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Background/Aims

The incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) have increased worldwide, resulting in a need for rapid and accurate diagnostic methods.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted to compare CDI diagnosis methods between January 2014 and December 2014. The stool samples, which were obtained in presumptive CDI patients, were compared for their diagnostic accuracy and rapidity, including real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of toxin genes, C. difficile toxin assay, and culture for C. difficile.

Results

A total of 207 cases from 116 patients were enrolled in this study and 117 cases (56.5%) were diagnosed as having CDI. Among the 117 cases, the sensitivities of real-time PCR, C. difficile toxin assay, and culture for C. difficile were 87.2% (102 cases; 95% CI, 80.7%–92.8%), 48.7% (57 cases; 95% CI, 41.0%–59.8%), and 65.0% (76 cases; 95% CI, 60.2%–78.5%), respectively (P<0.005). Notably, 34 cases (29.0%) were diagnosed with CDI by real-time PCR only. The time required to obtain results was 2.27 hours (136.62±82.51 minutes) for real-time PCR, 83.67 hours (5,020.66±3,816.38 minutes) for toxin assay, and 105.79 hours (6,347.68±3,331.46 minutes) for culture (P<0.005), respectively.

Conclusions

We confirmed that real-time PCR of toxin genes is the most effective diagnostic method for accurate and early diagnosis of CDI. It also helps to diagnose hypervirulent CDI, such as ribotype 027 infection.

Citations

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Is Clostridium difficile infection a real threat in patients with ulcerative colitis? A prospective, multicenter study in Korea
Dae Bum Kim, Kang-Moon Lee, Sang Hyoung Park, You Sun Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Jun Lee, Sung-Ae Jung, Geom Seog Seo, Ji Min Lee
Intestinal Research.2018; 16(2): 267. CrossRef

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Review

Second Korean guidelines for the management of ulcerative colitis: Chang Hwan Choi, Won Moon, You Sun Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Bo-In Lee, Yunho Jung, Yong Sik Yoon, Heeyoung Lee, Dong Il Park, Dong Soo Han; Intest Res 2017;15(1):7-37. Published online January 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2017.15.1.7

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by a relapsing and remitting course. The direct and indirect costs of the treatment of UC are high, and the quality of life of patients is reduced, especially during exacerbation of the disease. The incidence and prevalence of UC in Korea are still lower than those of Western countries, but have been rapidly increasing during the past decades. Various medical and surgical therapies, including biologics, are currently used for the management of UC. However, many challenging issues exist, which sometimes lead to differences in practice between clinicians. Therefore, the IBD study group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases established the first Korean guidelines for the management of UC in 2012. This is an update of the first guidelines. It was generally made by the adaptation of several foreign guidelines as was the first edition, and encompasses treatment of active colitis, maintenance of remission, and indication of surgery for UC. The specific recommendations are presented with the quality of evidence and classification of recommendations.

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17,366 View
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63 Crossref

Original Articles

Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: the results of a multinational web-based survey in the 2^nd Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis (AOCC) meeting in Seoul: Eun Soo Kim, Minhu Chen, Jun Lee, Chang-Kyun Lee, You Sun Kim; Intest Res 2016;14(3):224-230. Published online June 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2016.14.3.224

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims

As the number of Asian patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased recently, there is a growing need to improve IBD care in this region. This study is aimed at determining how Asian countries are currently dealing with their IBD patients in terms of diagnosis.

Methods

A questionnaire was designed by the organizing committee of Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis, for a multinational web-based survey conducted between March 2014 and May 2014.

Results

A total of 353 Asian medical doctors treating IBD patients responded to the survey (114 in China, 88 in Japan, 116 in Korea, and 35 in other Asian countries). Most of the respondents were gastroenterologists working in an academic teaching hospital. While most of the doctors from China, Japan, and Korea use their own national guidelines for IBD diagnosis, those from other Asian countries most commonly adopt the European Crohn's Colitis Organisation's guideline. Japanese doctors seldom adopt the Montreal classification for IBD. The most commonly used activity scoring system for ulcerative colitis is the Mayo score in all countries except China, whereas that for Crohn's disease (CD) is the Crohn's Disease Activity Index. The most available tool for small-bowel evaluation in CD patients differs across countries. Many physicians administer empirical anti-tuberculous medications before the diagnosis of CD.

Conclusions

The results of this survey demonstrate that Asian medical doctors have different diagnostic approaches for IBD. This knowledge would be important in establishing guidelines for improving the care of IBD patients in this region.

Citations

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Infectious complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: the results of a multinational web-based survey in the 8th Asian Organization for Crohn’s and Colitis meeting
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Clinical features of active tuberculosis that developed during anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Jang Wook Lee, Chang Hwan Choi, Ji Hoon Park, Jeong Wook Kim, Sang Bum Kang, Ja Seol Koo, Young-Ho Kim, You Sun Kim, Young Eun Joo, Sae Kyung Chang; Intest Res 2016;14(2):146-151. Published online April 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2016.14.2.146

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims

Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy for active ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with increased risks of tuberculosis (TB) infection. We analyzed the incidence and clinical features of Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who developed active TB during anti-TNF therapy.

Methods

Ten cases of active TB developed in patients treated with infliximab (n=592) or adalimumab (n=229) for UC (n=160) or CD (n=661) were reviewed. We analyzed demographics, interval between start of anti-TNF therapy and active TB development, tests for latent TB infection (LTBI), concomitant medications, and the details of diagnosis and treatments for TB.

Results

The incidence of active TB was 1.2% (10/821): 1.5% (9/592) and 0.4% (1/229) in patients receiving infliximab and adalimumab, respectively. The median time to the development of active TB after initiation of anti-TNF therapy was three months (range: 2–36). Three patients had past histories of treatment for TB. Positive findings in a TB skin test (TST) and/or interferon gamma releasing assay (IGRA) were observed in three patients, and two of them received anti-TB prophylaxis. Two patients were negative by both TST and IGRA. The most common site of active TB was the lungs, and the active TB was cured in all patients.

Conclusions

Active TB can develop during anti-TNF therapy in IBD patients without LTBI, and even in those with histories of TB treatment or LTBI prophylaxis. Physicians should be aware of the potential for TB development during anti-TNF therapy, especially in countries with a high prevalence of TB.

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Thomas Theo Brehm, Maja Reimann, Niklas Köhler, Christoph Lange
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Real-world effectiveness of ustekinumab in maintenance therapy for Crohn´s disease
O.V. Knyazev, O.B. Schukina, A.V. Kagramanova, A.A. Lishchinskaya, I.A. Li, E.A. Sabelnikova, B.A. Nanaeva, M.Yu. Timanovskaya, T.A. Kosacheva, N.A. Fadeeva, K.A. Nikolskaya, E.Yu. Zhulina, N.V. Kamzarakova, A.I. Parfenov
Dokazatel'naya gastroenterologiya.2023; 12(3): 29. CrossRef
Five-Year Efficacy and Safety of Ustekinumab Treatment in Crohn’s Disease: The IM-UNITI Trial
William J. Sandborn, Rory Rebuck, Yuhua Wang, Bin Zou, Omoniyi J. Adedokun, Christopher Gasink, Bruce E. Sands, Stephen B. Hanauer, Stephan Targan, Subrata Ghosh, Willem J.S. de Villiers, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Brian G. Feagan, John P. Lynch
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2022; 20(3): 578. CrossRef
Monitoring frequency of interferon gamma release assay for tuberculosis surveillance following infliximab therapy in patients with Crohn's disease
Qin Yu Yang, Yi Juan Liu, Ye Xu, Lin Zhang, Cheng Dang Wang
Journal of Digestive Diseases.2021; 22(8): 473. CrossRef
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Tuberculosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Treated with Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy
Jihye Kim, Jong Pil Im, Jae-Joon Yim, Chang Kyun Lee, Dong Il Park, Chang Soo Eun, Sung-Ae Jung, Jeong Eun Shin, Kang-Moon Lee, Jae Hee Cheon
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 75(1): 29. CrossRef
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Shomron Ben-Horin, Ren Mao, Yun Qiu, Minhu Chen
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Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology consensus on tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment. Part 2: management
Dong Il Park, Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Minhu Chen, Siew Chien Ng, Choon Jin Ooi, Shu Chen Wei, Rupa Banerjee, Ida Normiha Hilmi, Yoon Tae Jeen, Dong Soo Han, Hyo Jong Kim, Zhihua Ran, Kaichun Wu, Jiaming Qian, Pin-Jin Hu, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Akira Andoh, Yasu
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Hyo Sun Lee, Soo-Kyung Park, Dong Il Park
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Seong Jae Yeo, Hyun Seok Lee, Byung Ik Jang, Eun Soo Kim, Seong Woo Jeon, Sung Kook Kim, Kyeong Ok Kim, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyun Jik Lee, Kyung Sik Park, Yun Jin Jung, Eun Young Kim, Chang Heon Yang
Intestinal Research.2018; 16(3): 400. CrossRef
Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology consensus on tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving anti‐tumor necrosis factor treatment. Part 2: Management
Dong Il Park, Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Minhu Chen, Siew Chien Ng, Choon Jin Ooi, Shu Chen Wei, Rupa Banerjee, Ida Normiha Hilmi, Yoon Tae Jeen, Dong Soo Han, Hyo Jong Kim, Zhihua Ran, Kaichun Wu, Jiaming Qian, Pin‐Jin Hu, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Akira Andoh, Yasu
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Changing treatment paradigms for the management of inflammatory bowel disease
Jong Pil Im, Byong Duk Ye, You Sun Kim, Joo Sung Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2018; 33(1): 28. CrossRef
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Jieun Kang, Dae Hyun Jeong, Minkyu Han, Suk-Kyun Yang, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Byong Duk Ye, Sang Hyoung Park, Sung Wook Hwang, Tae Sun Shim, Kyung-Wook Jo
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology.2017; 41(6): 693. CrossRef

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Gastric lesions in patients with Crohn's disease in Korea: a multicenter study: Hoonsub So, Byong Duk Ye, Young Soo Park, Jihun Kim, Joo Sung Kim, Won Moon, Kang-Moon Lee, You Sun Kim, Bora Keum, Seong-Eun Kim, Kyeong Ok Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Chang Kyun Lee, Sung Pil Hong, Jong Pil Im, Ja Seol Koo, Chang Hwan Choi, Jeong Eun Shin, Bo In Lee, Kyu Chan Huh, Young-Ho Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Young Sook Park, Dong Soo Han; Intest Res 2016;14(1):60-68. Published online January 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2016.14.1.60

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims

Gastric pathology and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among Asian patients with Crohn's disease (CD) are still unclear. We evaluated gastric histologic features and frequency of H. pylori infection in Korean patients with CD.

Methods

Among 492 patients with CD receiving upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic evaluation in 19 Korean hospitals, we evaluated the endoscopic findings and gastric histopathologic features of 47 patients for our study. Histopathologic classification was performed using gastric biopsy tissues, and H. pylori infection was determined using the rapid urease test and histology.

Results

There were 36 men (76.6%), and the median age of patients at the time of upper GI endoscopy was 23.8 years (range, 14.2–60.5). For CD phenotype, ileocolonic disease was observed in 38 patients (80.9%), and non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease in 31 patients (66.0%). Twenty-eight patients (59.6%) complained of upper GI symptoms. Erosive gastritis was the most common gross gastric feature (66.0%). Histopathologically, H. pylori-negative chronic active gastritis (38.3%) was the most frequent finding. H. pylori testing was positive in 11 patients (23.4%), and gastric noncaseating granulomata were detected in 4 patients (8.5%). Gastric noncaseating granuloma showed a statistically significant association with perianal abscess/fistula (P=0.0496).

Conclusions

H. pylori-negative chronic active gastritis appears to be frequent among Korean patients with CD. The frequency of H. pylori infection was comparable with previous studies. An association with perianal complications suggests a prognostic value for gastric noncaseating granuloma in patients with CD.

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Special Review

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Studies in Korea: Present and Future: Jung Won Lee, Jong Pil Im, Jae Hee Cheon, You Sun Kim, Joo Sung Kim, Dong Soo Han; Intest Res 2015;13(3):213-218. Published online June 9, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2015.13.3.213

Abstract PDF PubReader

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is defined as a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the intestine. Intestinal inflammation in IBD has been proposed to be attributable to the interplay between microbial, genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. The incidence and prevalence rates of IBD are rapidly increasing apparently in other parts of the world, with dramatic increases especially in East Asia. Generally, cohort studies are useful for estimating the incidence, prevalence, natural course, prognosis, and risk factors of diseases. In particular, cohort studies performed in Western countries have well described the prevalence, risk factors, and natural course of IBD and investigated its genetic pathophysiology. However, the outcomes of IBD cohort studies performed in Korea are not as persuasive as those of Western studies because of the relatively low prevalence of IBD and short follow-up periods of the cohorts in Korea. Despite this critical limitation, members of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases have demonstrated outstanding results. Some unique features of IBD patients in Korea are well demonstrated, such as thiopurine-induced leukopenia or risks of opportunistic tuberculosis infection in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors. In this review, the present authors summarized the key points of the results of the cohort studies performed in Korea and explored future perspectives.

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Statement

Use of Thiopurines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Consensus Statement by the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID): Kang-Moon Lee, You Sun Kim, Geom Seog Seo, Tae Oh Kim, Suk-Kyun Yang, IBD Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases; Intest Res 2015;13(3):193-207. Published online June 9, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2015.13.3.193

Abstract PDF PubReader

Background/Aims

For decades, thiopurines have been the mainstay of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment and will play an important role in the future. However, complex metabolism and various side effects limit the use of these potent drugs in clinical practice. The Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases developed a set of consensus statements with the aim of guiding clinicians on the appropriate use of thiopurines in the management of IBD.

Methods

Sixteen statements were initially drafted by five committee members. The quality of evidence and classification of recommendation were assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. The statements were then circulated to IBD experts in Korea for review, feedback, and then finalized and accepted by voting at the consensus meeting.

Results

The consensus statements comprised four parts: (1) pre-treatment evaluation and management strategy, including value of thiopurine S-methyltransferase screening, dosing schedule, and novel biomarkers for predicting thiopurine-induced leukopenia; (2) treatment with thiopurines with regards to optimal duration of thiopurine treatment and long-term outcomes of combination therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factors; (3) safety of thiopurines, especially during pregnancy and lactation; and (4) monitoring side effects or efficacy of therapy using biomarkers.

Conclusions

Thiopurines are an effective treatment option for patients with IBD. Management decisions should be individualized according to the risk of relapse and adverse events.

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Original Articles

Risk Factors for Delayed Post-Polypectomy Bleeding: Min Jung Kwon, You Sun Kim, Song I Bae, Young Il Park, Kyung Jin Lee, Jung Hwa Min, Soo Yeon Jo, Mi Young Kim, Hye Jin Jung, Seong Yeon Jeong, Won Jae Yoon, Jin Nam Kim, Jeong Seop Moon; Intest Res 2015;13(2):160-165. Published online April 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2015.13.2.160

Abstract PDF PubReader

Background/Aims

Among the many complications that can occur following therapeutic endoscopy, bleeding is the most serious, which occurs in 1.0-6.1% of all colonoscopic polypectomies. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors of delayed post-polypectomy bleeding (PPB).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy between January 2003 and December 2012. We compared patients who experienced delayed PPB with those who did not. The control-to-patient ratio was 3:1. The clinical data analyzed included polyp size, number, location, and shape, patient' body mass index (BMI), preventive hemostasis, and endoscopist experience.

Results

Of 1,745 patients undergoing colonoscopic polypectomy, 21 (1.2%) experienced significant delayed PPB. We selected 63 age- and sex-matched controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that polyps >10 mm (odds ratio [OR], 2.605; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.035-4.528; P=0.049), a pedunculated polyp (OR, 3.517; 95% CI, 1.428-7.176; P=0.045), a polyp located in the right hemicolon (OR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.291-5.761; P=0.013), and a high BMI (OR, 3.681; 95% CI, 1.876-8.613; P=0.013) were significantly associated with delayed PPB.

Conclusions

Although delayed PPB is a rare event, more caution is needed during colonoscopic polypectomies performed in patients with high BMI or large polyps, pedunculated polyps, or polyps located in the right hemicolon.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Long-Term Clinical Outcome of Clostridium difficile Infection in Hospitalized Patients: A Single Center Study: Young Seok Doh, You Sun Kim, Hye Jin Jung, Young Il Park, Jin Won Mo, Hyun Sung, Kyung Jin Lee, Young Ki Seo, Jeong Seop Moon, Seong Woo Hong; Intest Res 2014;12(4):299-305. Published online October 27, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.4.299

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims

Antibiotic usage and increasingly aging populations have led to increased incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in worldwide. Recent studies in Korea have also reported increasing CDI incidence; however, there have been no reports on the long-term outcomes of CDI. We therefore investigated the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with CDI, including delayed recurrence, associated risk factors and mortality.

Methods

Hospitalized patients diagnosed with CDI at Seoul Paik Hospital between January 2007 and December 2008 were included. Their medical records were retrospectively investigated. 'Delayed recurrence' was defined as a relapse 8 weeks after a successful initial treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for the delayed recurrence. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze mortality rates.

Results

A total of 120 patients were enrolled; among them, 87 were followed-up for at least 1 year, with a mean follow-up period of 34.1±25.1 months. Delayed recurrence was observed in 17 patients (19.5%), and significant risk factors were age (over 70 years, P=0.049), nasogastric tube insertion (P=0.008), and proton pump inhibitor or H₂-blocker treatments (P=0.028). The 12- and 24-month mortality rates were 24.6% and 32.5%, respectively. No deaths were directly attributed to CDI.

Conclusions

Delayed recurrence of CDI was not rare, occurring in 19.5% of the study population. Although CDI-related mortality was not reported, 2-year (32.5%) mortality rate of CDI patients implies that a CDI diagnosis may predict severe morbidity and poor prognosis of the underlying disease.

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Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Korean Patient With Crohn's Disease Following Early Use of Infliximab: Nam Hee Kim, Yoon Suk Jung, Chang Mo Moon, Shin Yeong Lee, Eun Ran Kim, Young Ho Kim, Chang Kyun Lee, Suck Ho Lee, Jae Hak Kim, Kyu Chan Huh, Soon Man Yoon, Hyun Joo Song, Sun-Jin Boo, Hyun Joo Jang, You Sun Kim, Kang-Moon Lee, Jeong Eun Shin, Dong Il Park; Intest Res 2014;12(4):281-286. Published online October 27, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.4.281

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Background/Aims

Several recent studies have reported that the early use of infliximab (IFX) improves the prognosis of Crohn's disease (CD). However, no data are available from Asian populations, as the forementioned studies have all been conducted in Western countries. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of early use of IFX on the prognosis of Korean patients with CD.

Methods

Patients with a diagnosis of CD established between July 1987 and January 2012 were investigated in 12 university hospitals in Korea. Because insurance coverage for IFX treatment began in August 2005, patients were assigned to either of 2 groups based on diagnosis date. The first group included patients diagnosed from July 1987 to December 2005, and the second from January 2006 to January 2012. We compared the cumulative probabilities of operation and reoperation between the two groups using the Kaplan-Meier method and a log-rank test.

Results

Of the 721 patients investigated, 443 (61.4%) comprized the second group. Although the cumulative probabilities of immunosuppressant (P<0.001) and IFX use (P<0.001) after diagnosis were significantly higher in the second group, there were no significant differences in cumulative probabilities of operation (P=0.905) or reoperation (P=0.418) between two groups.

Conclusions

The early use of IFX did not reduce CD-related surgery requirements in Korean patients with CD. These study results suggest that the early use of IFX may have little impact on the clinical outcome of CD in Korean patients in the setting of a conventional step-up algorithm.

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The Effect of Infliximab on Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in Korea: Hyun Il Seo, Dong Il Park, Tae Oh Kim, You Sun Kim, Suck-Ho Lee, Ji Won Kim, Jae Hak Kim, Jeong Eun Shin; Intest Res 2014;12(3):214-220. Published online July 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.3.214

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Background/Aims

Infliximab was introduced recently as a rescue therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) patients refractory to conventional treatments such as therapy with 5-amiono salicylic acids (5-ASA), immune modulators, and corticosteroids. However, there is insufficient data about its efficacy and safety in Korea.

Methods

From 7 tertiary referral hospitals, 33 patients who were treated with infliximab for moderate to severe (Mayo score 6-12) UC refractory to conventional treatment were recruited to this study. Clinical remission was defined as a total Mayo score of 2 or lower and every subscore less than 2. Partial response was defined as a decrease of Mayo score at least 3 points from baseline.

Results

Twenty-three patients (69.7%) showed clinical remission and 29 patients (87.8%) showed partial response in the observation period. When the remission and non-remission groups were compared in univariate analysis, only a higher total Mayo score at base line (11.0±0.9 vs. 9.9±1.5; P=0.04) was related to remission. The remission maintenance rate decreased with time in the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Two patients experienced re-remission after the first remission followed by aggravation during infliximab treatment. Three patients stopped infliximab treatment owing to adverse events including rhabdomyolysis, pneumonia, and fever of unknown origin.

Conclusions

If there is no choice except surgery for UC patients refractory to conventional treatment, infliximab is an effective and relatively safe treatment option for these patients in Korea.

Citations

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Commentary

Crohn's Disease Clinical Network and Cohort (CONNECT) Study: The First Step Toward Nationwide Multicenter Research of Crohn's Disease in Korea: Jae Hee Cheon, You Sun Kim, Byong Duk Ye, Kang Moon Lee, Young Ho Kim, Joo Sung Kim, Dong Soo Han, Won Ho Kim; Intest Res 2014;12(3):173-175. Published online July 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.3.173

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The clinical characteristics of patients with free perforation in Korean Crohn’s disease: results from the CONNECT study
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Clinical Factors and Disease Course Related to Diagnostic Delay in Korean Crohn’s Disease Patients: Results from the CONNECT Study
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PLOS ONE.2015; 10(12): e0144390. CrossRef
Long-term Clinical Outcomes of Urban Versus Rural Environment in Korean Patients with Crohn's Disease: Results from the CONNECT Study
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Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2015; 9(3): 246. CrossRef
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Studies in Korea: Present and Future
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Institutional Board Review for Clinical Investigations on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Single-Center Study
Sinyoung Park, Yang Hee Noh, Sun Young Rha, Won Ho Kim, Jae Hee Cheon
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Crohn's disease in Korea: past, present, and future
Kang-Moon Lee, Ji Min Lee
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2014; 29(5): 558. CrossRef

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Editorial

What is the Important Issue to Prevent the Postoperative Crohn's Disease?: You Sun Kim; Intest Res 2014;12(2):85-86. Published online April 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.2.85

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Monitoring Disease Activity: How and When?
Kang-Moon Lee
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2018; 71(2): 69. CrossRef
Impact of inflammatory bowel disease on daily life: an online survey by the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
Young Sun Kim, Sung-Ae Jung, Kang-Moon Lee, Soo Jung Park, Tae Oh Kim, Chang Hwan Choi, Hyun Gun Kim, Won Moon, Chang Mo Moon, Hye Kyoung Song, Soo-Young Na, Suk-Kyun Yang
Intestinal Research.2017; 15(3): 338. CrossRef
Author's Reply
Kang-Moon Lee
Intestinal Research.2014; 12(3): 260. CrossRef

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Case Reports

Successful Treatment of Postoperative Fistula with Infliximab in a Patient with Crohn's Disease: Seong Yeon Jeong, Jeong Seop Moon, Kyu Joo Park, You Sun Kim; Intest Res 2014;12(1):74-77. Published online January 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.1.74

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Nearly 80% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require surgical treatment for complications or failure of medical management. We managed a 31-year-old man with CD who presented with a post-operative fistula. The patient had undergone surgery due to multiple strictures and a fistula. However, a new fistula developed that connected to the intraperitoneal abscess. Intravenous antibiotics were started and multiple percutaneous drainage tubes were inserted to treat the abdominal abscess. However, the amount of drainage was consistently high, even one month after the operation. To treat the postoperative fistula, 5 mg/kg of infliximab was started, and the amount of drainage decreased dramatically to less than 10 cc a day. Some studies have reported that infliximab decreases the recurrence of CD after surgery. The effect of infliximab on post-operative fistulas in patients with CD has not been sufficiently studied. Our results indicated that the use of infliximab to treat post-operative fistula should be explored further in future clinical studies.

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Treatment of abdominal fistulas in Crohn�s disease and monitoring with abdominal ultrasonography
Nadia Moreno Sánchez, José María Paredes, Tomas Ripollés, Javier Sanz de la Vega, Patricia Latorre, María Jesús Martínez, José Richart, José Vizuete, Eduardo Moreno-Osset
Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Associated with Anxiety and Depression in Korean Patients with Inactive Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Min Chul Kim, Yoon Suk Jung, Young Seok Song, Jung In Lee, Jung Ho Park, Chong Il Sohn, Kyu Yong Choi, Dong Il Park
Gut and Liver.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of CT‐P13, a biosimilar of infliximab, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A retrospective multicenter study
Yoon Suk Jung, Dong Il Park, Young Ho Kim, Ji Hyun Lee, Pyoung Ju Seo, Jae Hee Cheon, Hyoun Woo Kang, Ji Won Kim
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2015; 30(12): 1705. CrossRef
The clinical characteristics of patients with free perforation in Korean Crohn’s disease: results from the CONNECT study
Young Seok Doh, You Sun Kim, Song I Bae, Jong Pil Im, Jae Hee Cheon, Byong Duk Ye, Ji Won Kim, Young Sook Park, Ji Hyun Lee, Young-Ho Kim, Joo Sung Kim, Dong Soo Han, Won Ho Kim
BMC Gastroenterology.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

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4 Crossref

A Case of Ulcerative Colitis Patient with Colonic Stenosis and Enterocutaneous Fistula: Seong Yeon Jeong, You Sun Kim, Kyeong Sam Ok, Sun Ok Kwon, Jin Nam Kim, Jeong Seop Moon, Yun Kyung Kang, Seong Woo Hong; Intest Res 2012;10(4):388-391. Published online October 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.4.388

Abstract PDF: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), characterized by a diffuse mucosal inflammation limited to the colon. Complications of UC include stricture, colorectal cancer, and toxic colitis. UC patients rarely present with a stenosis or fistula, and strictures develop in less than 5% of patients with UC. We present a patient with UC, accompanied by unusual complications that involved not only a stricture but also a fistula and abscess. A 49-year-old female was presented with a left flank pain and fever that had begun two weeks before admission. She had received a diagnosis of UC 20 years ago and had it treated for 2 years in a local hospital. However, she arbitrarily stopped visiting the hospital and relied on home remedies. An abdominopelvic CT scan revealed luminal narrowing and extra-peritoneal fistula formation in the descending colon. Fistula was connected with a subcutaneous abscess in the left flank. She had undergone total colectomy and ileo-anal anastomosis. On the pathologic exam, the long standing UC with severe stenosis was observed without malignant change. It cannot be emphasized enough that a correct therapeutic approach and an appropriate follow-up schedule are very important for patients with UC. (Intest Res 2012;10:388-391)

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Original Article

Clinical Significance of Erosive or Ulcerative Lesions Isolated in Terminal Ileum: Sun Ok Kwon, You Sun Kim, Myoung Ki Oh, Sun Young Kim, In Hye Cha, Seong Yeon Jeong, Joo Yeon Cho, Jin Nam Kim, Jeong Seop Moon; Intest Res 2012;10(4):350-356. Published online October 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.4.350

Abstract PDF: Background/Aims
Although terminal ileal erosive or ulcerative lesions are frequently observed on colonoscopic examination, their clinical significance are unclear. We evaluated clinical course and significance of isolated terminal ileal erosive or ulcerative lesions. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical features, number, size and histologic findings of 186 patients with isolated terminal ileal erosive or ulcerative lesions on colonoscopic examination from December 2003 to February 2012. Results: The indications for colonoscopy included screening for colorectal cancer or surveillance in 122 patients (65.6%), evaluations for symptoms in 64 patients (34.4%). Of the 186 patients, 170 underwent biopsy at the terminal ileal lesions. Histologic findings were mostly non-specific chronic inflammation except two cases of Crohn's disease, one case of cytomegalovirus ileitis, and one case of intestinal tuberculosis. Forty six patients underwent follow-up colonoscopy and the mean duration was 17.8±14.2 months (range, 1-64 months). Of those who showed non-specific ileitis (44 patients), 35 (79.5%) showed resolution of lesions without specific treatment. In the remaining 9 (20.5%) patients, lesions were continued and two patients were diagnosed as Crohn's disease and Behcet's ileitis, respectively. There were no significant differences in the duration of follow-up, presence of symptoms, number and size of terminal ileal lesions between the patients who resolved and not resolved. Conclusions: Most isolated terminal ileal erosive or ulcerative lesions reveal non-specific histological findings and have a propensity to resolve without treatment. However, in small portions of patients, isolated terminal ileal lesions need careful attention because it is possible to be early inflammatory bowel diseases. (Intest Res 2012;10:350-356)

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Special Review

Guidelines for the Management of Ulcerative Colitis: Chang Hwan Choi, Young-Ho Kim, You Sun Kim, Byong Duk Ye, Kang Moon Lee, Bo In Lee, Sung-Ae Jung, Won Ho Kim, Heeyoung Lee, IBD Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases; Intest Res 2012;10(1):1-25. Published online February 29, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.1.1

Abstract PDF

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder characterized by a relapsing and remitting course. The quality of life can decrease significantly during exacerbations of the disease. The incidence and prevalence of UC in Korea are still lower than those of Western countries, but have been rapidly increasing during the past decades. Various medical and surgical therapies are currently used for the management of UC. However, many challenging issues exist and sometimes these lead to differences in practice between clinicians. Therefore, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID) set out the Korean guidelines for the management of UC. These guidelines are made by the adaptation using several foreign guidelines and encompass treatment of active colitis, maintenance of remission and indication for surgery in UC. The specific recommendations are presented with the quality of evidence. These are the first Korean treatment guidelines for UC and will be revised with new evidences on treatment of UC. (Intest Res 2012;10:1-25)

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Korean clinical practice guidelines on biologics and small molecules for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
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Intestinal Research.2023; 21(1): 61. CrossRef
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MedChemComm.2017; 8(7): 1514. CrossRef
Second Korean Guideline for the Management of Ulcerative Colitis
Chang Hwan Choi, Won Moon, You Sun Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Bo-In Lee, Yunho Jung, Yong Sik Yoon, Heeyoung Lee, Dong Il Park, Dong Soo Han
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2017; 69(1): 1. CrossRef
Second Korean guidelines for the management of ulcerative colitis
Chang Hwan Choi, Won Moon, You Sun Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Bo-In Lee, Yunho Jung, Yong Sik Yoon, Heeyoung Lee, Dong Il Park, Dong Soo Han
Intestinal Research.2017; 15(1): 7. CrossRef
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Jung Hoon Ha, Young Sook Park, Choon Sik Seon, Byung Kwan Son, Sang Bong Ahn, Young Kwan Jo, Seong Hwan Kim, Yun Ju Jo, Jung Hwan Kim, Jee Hye Han, Yoon Young Jung, Sook Hee Chung
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Author's Reply
Jaeyoung Chun, Jong Pil Im
Intestinal Research.2015; 13(2): 184. CrossRef
Current and Emerging Biologics for Ulcerative Colitis
Sung Chul Park, Yoon Tae Jeen
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Intestinal Research.2012; 10(4): 388. CrossRef

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Original Article

Clinical Features of Intestinal Tuberculosis in Recent Ten Years (2001-2010): Joo Yeon Cho, You Sun Kim, Won Wo Park, Tsung Pei Chuan, Hyun Tae Kim, Sang Ryul Lee, Jung Hwan Lee, Jeoung Soep Moon; Intest Res 2011;9(1):12-18. Published online April 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2011.9.1.12

Abstract PDF

Background/Aims
Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) evades early diagnosis due to non-specific clinical manifestations and difficulties in confirming the disease process. In the current study, we determined the diagnostic appearance and clinical manifestations of ITB in recent 10 years according to diagnostic guidelines, as proposed by the IBD Study Group of Korean Association for the Study of the Intestinal Diseases (KASID). Methods: Fifty-six patients with ITB who were diagnosed at Seoul Paik Hospital between January 2001 and August 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of ITB was defined as definite or probable in accordance with the diagnostic guidelines and the clinical features were analyzed in comparison with previous studies involving ITB in Korea. Results: The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 45±15 years (range, 17-71 years). Definite and probable diagnoses were obtained in 29% and 71% of the patients, respectively. Twenty-three percent of the patients had synchronous active pulmonary TB and 14% of the patients had other forms of abdominal TB, such as TB mesenteric lymphadenitis or peritonitis. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (43%), followed by diarrhea (30%), weight loss (14%). Twenty-seven percent of the patients (15 cases) were asymptomatic and diagnosed on comprehensive health care or post-operative surveillance. Only 2 patients (3.6%) underwent surgery for complications, such as intestinal obstruction and perforation. Conclusions: ITB is still prevalent in Korea; however, in the recent 10 years the symptoms of ITB have been milder than previously reported. In addition, the complication rates of ITB were remarkably decreased, suggesting that early diagnosis of ITB was increased. (Intest Res 2011;9: 0-18)

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Hye Jin Jung, Young-Ho Kim, You Sun Kim, Seong Yeon Jeong, Sung Won Park, Ji Yeon Seo, Hyemi Jung, Jong Pil Im, Ji Won Kim, Sung Noh Hong, Kuk Lae Lee
Gut and Liver.2016; 10(4): 649. CrossRef
Predictive Factors for Differentiating Between Crohn’s Disease and Intestinal Tuberculosis in Koreans
Yunho Jung, Young Hwangbo, Soon Man Yoon, Hoon Sup Koo, Hyun Deok Shin, Jeong Eun Shin, Hee Seok Moon, Sang Bum Kang, Jeong Rok Lee, Kyu Chan Huh
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 111(8): 1156. CrossRef
Clinical Features of Tuberculous Versus Crohn’s Anal Fistulas, in Korea
Yong-Sung Choi, Do-Sun Kim, Jae-Bum Lee, Jong-Kyu Kim, Hyung-Joong Jung, Seong-Dae Lee, Kee-Ho Song, Doo-Han Lee, Mi-Jung Kim
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2015; 9(12): 1132. CrossRef
A Case of Intestinal Tuberculosis with Perianal Fistula Diagnosed after 30 Years
Ji Hyun Cheon, Won Moon, Seun Ja Park, Moo In Park, Sung Eun Kim, Youn Jung Choi, Jong Bin Kim, Hye Jung Kwon
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2013; 62(6): 370. CrossRef
A Case of Tuberculous Enteritis with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a 12-Year-Old Girl
Ga Young Park, Jae Young Park, Chang Hwi Kim, Jeong Ja Kwak, Jae Ock Park
Korean Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases.2013; 20(3): 190. CrossRef
The Changes in Etiology and Clinical Features of Non-Traumatic Small Bowel Perforation
Byeong Gwan Kim, Ji Won Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Jae Kyung Lee, Ji Bong Jeong
Intestinal Research.2012; 10(2): 189. CrossRef

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Editorial

Actual Clinical Practice Patterns in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Korea: You Sun Kim; Intest Res 2009;7(2):133-134. Published online December 30, 2009

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Original Articles

Clinical Characteristics of Colonic Diverticular Disease Diagnosed with Colonoscopy: Jung Hoon Song, Jin Gook Huh, You Sun Kim, Jin Ho Lee, Won Cheol Jang, Kyung Sun Ok, Soo Hyung Ryu, Jung Hwan Lee, Jeong Seop Moon; Intest Res 2008;6(2):110-115. Published online December 30, 2008

Abstract PDF: Background/Aims
Although colonic diverticular disease is less common in Koreans than in Western people, its incidence has been on the increase in Korea. We investigated the clinical characteristics and related complications of colonic diverticular disease in Koreans. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 9,006 patients who underwent colonoscopy at the Seoul Paik hospital between July 2002 and January 2008. Results: Of the 9,006 patients, there were 654 cases (7.3%) of colonic diverticulosis (472 men, 182 women). The mean age of the patients was 54.6±12.0 years. The right colon was involved in 535 cases, the left colon was involved in 86 cases and both the left and right colon was involved in 33 cases. Among the patients, a single diverticulum was seen in 253 cases and two or more diverticuli were seen in 401 cases. Related complications were diverticulitis (11 cases, 1.7%) and diverticular bleeding (3 cases, 0.5%). Conclusions: The incidence of colonic diverticular disease in Korea shows an increasing trend. Colonic diverticular lesions are frequently found in the right colon. (Intest Res 2008;6:110-115)

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Clinical Value of Endoscopic Resection of Large Colonic PolypsUsing a Detachable Snare: Jin Gook Huh, You Sun Kim, Sun Ok Kwon, Won Cheol Jang, Kyung Sun Ok, Tae Yeob Jeong, Soo Hyung Rye, Jung Hwan Lee, Jeong Seop Moon; Intest Res 2007;5(2):151-157. Published online December 30, 2007

Abstract PDF: Background/Aims
A large colonic polyp is a challenge for endoscopists due to the risk of serious hemorrhage, perforation or incomplete resection. We examined whether endoscopic resection of large polyps using a detachable snare is a feasible and safe procedure. We also examined the sizes of a polyp that could be removed. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 65 cases of endoscopic resection of large colonic polyps using a detachable snare. Results: The sizes of the polyps included 3.5 cm (n=3), 3.0 to 3.4 cm (n=8), 2.0 to 2.9 cm (n=16) and 1.0 to 1.9 cm (n=38). The mean polyp size was 1.8 cm. The pathologic diagnoses of the resected polyps included 20 adenocarcinomas (30.8%), 38 adenomas (58.5%), three hyperplastic polyps, two inflammatory polyps, one hamartomatous polyp and one lymphangioma. The complete resection rate was 98.5% (64/65). There were no complications such as perforation, delayed bleeding or the need for additional surgery. Six complications of immediate bleeding (9.2%) developed after resection, but the bleeding was easily controlled by endoscopic treatment. Conclusions: According to our study, endoscopic resection of large polyps using a detachable snare can reduce not only complications of bleeding but also incomplete resection. Therefore, polyp size alone is rarely a contraindication to the endoscopic resection of a colonic polyp. (Intest Res 2007;5:151-157)

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Comparative Value of Sigmoidoscopy and Stool Cytotoxin-A Assay for Diagnosis of Pseudomembranous Colitis: Jin Kwang Lee, Joo Yeon Cho, You Sun Kim, Seong Eun Kim, Soo Hyung Ryu, Jung Whan Lee, Jeong Seop Moon; Intest Res 2005;3(1):61-67. Published online June 30, 2005

Abstract PDF: Background/Aims
Stool cytotoxin-A assay has been used clinically and commonly for diagnosis of C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD). However, the incidence and severity of CDAD show increasing tendency with frequent use of antibiotics, rapid diagnosis is required for severe CDAD. Therefore, we compared diagnostic value of sigmoidoscopy with that of stool cytotoxin-A assay for diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). Methods: During the period from April 2004 to April 2005, a total of 28 cases of suspected CDAD were analyzed prospectively. Both flexible sigmoidoscopy and enzyme immunoassay for stool cytotoxin-A assay were performed and compared with diagnostic yield. The clinical manifestation and used antibiotics were analyzed. Results: The PMC was developed frequently in old age and had clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain and mild fever. The diagnostic yield of stool cytotoxin-A assay was 36.8% while the sigmoidoscopy was 73.6% without significance. With the stool cytotoxin-A assay, the diagnosis for CDAD including PMC was delayed to mean 4.7 days. Conclusions: With increasing use of antibiotics, the incidence and severity of CDAD were increasing. The rapid diagnosis by sigmoidoscopy is more helpful to management of severe CDAD such as PMC than stool cytotoxin-A assay. (Intest Res 2005;3:61-67)

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