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Patients with celiac disease are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome and fatty liver
Ashish Agarwal, Alka Singh, Wajiha Mehtab, Vipin Gupta, Ashish Chauhan, Mahendra Singh Rajput, Namrata Singh, Vineet Ahuja, Govind K. Makharia
Intest Res 2021;19(1):106-114.   Published online April 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2019.00136
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Gluten-free diet has an excess of fats and simple sugars and puts patients with celiac disease at risk of metabolic complications including metabolic syndrome and fatty liver. We assessed prevalence of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver in two cohorts of celiac disease.
Methods
Study was done in 2 groups. In group 1, 54 treatment naïve patients with celiac disease were recruited. Of them, 44 returned after 1-year of gluten-free diet and were reassessed. In group 2, 130 celiac disease patients on gluten-free diet for ≥1 year were recruited. All patients were assessed for anthropometric and metabolic parameters and fatty liver. Metabolic syndrome was defined as per consensus definition for Asian Indians. Fatty liver was defined as controlled attenuation parameter value >263 decibels by FibroScan.
Results
In group 1, of 44 treatment naïve patients with celiac disease, metabolic syndrome was present in 5 patients (11.4%) at baseline and 9 (18.2%) after 1 year of gluten-free diet. Patients having fatty liver increased from 6 patients (14.3%) at baseline to 13 (29.5%) after 1year of gluten-free diet (P=0.002). In group 2, of 130 patients with celiac disease on gluten-free diet for a median duration of 4 years, 30 out of 114 (26.3%) and 30 out of 130 patients (23%) had metabolic syndrome and fatty liver, respectively.
Conclusions
Patients with celiac disease are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome and fatty liver, which increases further with gluten-free diet. These patients should be assessed for nutritional and metabolic features and counseled about balanced diet and physical activity regularly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    F1000Research.2022; 11: 725.     CrossRef
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Inhibitory Effect of Metformin Therapy on the Incidence of Colorectal Advanced Adenomas in Patients With Diabetes
Yo Han Kim, Ran Noh, Sun Young Cho, Seong Jun Park, Soung Min Jeon, Hyun Deok Shin, Suk Bae Kim, Jeong Eun Shin
Intest Res 2015;13(2):145-152.   Published online April 27, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2015.13.2.145
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
<b>Background/Aims</b><br/>

Metformin use has been associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk and mortality among diabetic patients. Recent research suggests that metformin use may decrease the incidence of colorectal adenomas in diabetic patients with previous colorectal cancer. This study aimed to assess the clinical effect of metformin use on the development of colorectal adenomas in diabetic patients without previous colorectal cancer.

Methods

Among 604 consecutive diabetic patients who underwent colonoscopic surveillance after initial colonoscopy between January 2002 and June 2012, 240 patients without previous colorectal cancer were enrolled in this study and were divided in two groups: 151 patients receiving metformin and 89 patients not receiving metformin. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics as well as the colorectal adenoma incidence rate were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

The incidence rate of total colorectal adenomas was not different according to metformin use (P=0.349). However, the advanced adenoma incidence rate was significantly lower in the metformin group compared with the non-metformin group (relative risk [RR], 0.09; P=0.011). Metformin use was independently associated with a decreased incidence of advanced colorectal adenomas after adjustment for clinically relevant factors (RR, 0.072; P=0.016). In addition, the cumulative development rate of advanced adenomas during follow-up was significantly lower in the metformin group compared with the non-metformin group (P=0.007).

Conclusions

Metformin use in diabetic patients without previous colorectal cancer is associated with a lower risk of advanced colorectal adenomas.

Citations

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Case Report
Perianal Abscess and Proctitis by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Woo Shin Jeong, Sung Youn Choi, Eun Haeng Jeong, Ki Bae Bang, Seung Sik Park, Dae Sung Lee, Dong Il Park, Yoon Suk Jung
Intest Res 2015;13(1):85-89.   Published online January 29, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2015.13.1.85
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) can at times cause invasive infections, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus and a history of alcohol abuse. A 61-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and a history of alcohol abuse presented with abdominal and anal pain for two weeks. After admission, he underwent sigmoidoscopy, which revealed multiple ulcerations with yellowish exudate in the rectum and sigmoid colon. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin and metronidazole. After one week, follow up sigmoidoscopy was performed owing to sustained fever and diarrhea. The lesions were aggravated and seemed webbed in appearance because of damage to the rectal mucosa. Abdominal computed tomography and rectal magnetic resonance imaging were performed, and showed a perianal and perirectal abscess. The patient underwent laparoscopic sigmoid colostomy and perirectal abscess incision and drainage. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae was identified in pus culture. The antibiotics were switched to ertapenem. He improved after surgery and was discharged. K. pneumoniae can cause rapid invasive infection in patients with diabetes and a history of alcohol abuse. We report the first rare case of proctitis and perianal abscess caused by invasive K. pneumoniae infection.

Citations

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  • 52 Download
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Original Articles
Does Diabetes Mellitus Influence Standardized Uptake Values of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Colorectal Cancer?
Da Yeon Oh, Ji Won Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Mingoo Kim, Ji Hoon Park, Su Yeon Cho, Byeong Gwan Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Jong Pil Im
Intest Res 2014;12(2):146-152.   Published online April 29, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.2.146
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
<b>Background/Aims</b><br/>

Hyperglycemia is associated with decreased 2-18[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake by tumors assessed by positron emission tomography (PET). In this retrospective study we investigated a comparison of standardized uptake values (SUVs) in patients with primary colorectal cancers who either had diabetes mellitus (DM) or were otherwise healthy.

Methods

The medical records of 397 patients who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer and underwent PET-CT between January 2006 and December 2012 were analyzed. Eighty patients with DM and 317 patients without DM were included. Clinical characteristics were reviewed and maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were calculated in the primary colorectal lesions.

Results

There was no significant difference between tumor SUVmax in DM patients (10.60±5.78) and those without DM (10.92±5.44). In addition, no significant difference was detected between tumor SUVmax in DM patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels <8% (10.34±5.17) and those with HbA1c levels ≥8% (10.61±7.27). The maximum size of the primary colorectal tumor was associated with SUVmax in a linear regression analysis.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that DM did not influence FDG uptake values in colorectal cancer patients regardless of glucose levels.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Influence of diabetes mellitus on metabolic networks in lung cancer patients: an analysis using dynamic total-body PET/CT imaging
    Lubing Sun, Yaping Wu, Tao Sun, Panlong Li, Junting Liang, Xuan Yu, Junpeng Yang, Nan Meng, Meiyun Wang, Chuanliang Chen
    European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of steroid treatment on the diagnostic yield of baseline 18f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in aggressive B cell lymphoma
    Karyn Revital Geiger, Oren Pasvolsky, Tamar Berger, Pia Raanani, Tzippy Shochat, Ronit Gurion, Tamer Anati, David Groshar, Anat Gafter-Gvili, Hanna Bernstine
    EJNMMI Research.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A computer model simulating human glucose absorption and metabolism in health and metabolic disease states
    Richard J. Naftalin
    F1000Research.2016; 5: 647.     CrossRef
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Does Metformin Affect The Incidence of Colonic Polyps and Adenomas in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Youn Hee Cho, Bong Min Ko, Shin Hee Kim, Yu Sik Myung, Jong Hyo Choi, Jae Pil Han, Su Jin Hong, Seong Ran Jeon, Hyun Gun Kim, Jin Oh Kim, Moon Sung Lee
Intest Res 2014;12(2):139-145.   Published online April 29, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.2.139
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
<b>Background/Aims</b><br/>

Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from colonic adenomas. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a higher risk of CRC and metformin decreases CRC risk. However, it is not certain if metformin affects the development of colorectal polyps and adenomas. This study aimed to elucidate if metforminaffects the incidence of colonic polyps and adenomas in patients with type 2 DM.

Methods

Of 12,186 patients with type 2 DM, 3,775 underwent colonoscopy between May 2001 and March 2013. This study enrolled 3,105 of these patients, and divided them in two groups: 912 patients with metformin use and 2,193 patients without metformin use. Patient clinical characteristics, polyp and adenoma detection rate in the two groups were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

The Colorectal polyp detection rate was lower in the metformin group than in the non-meformin group (39.4% vs. 62.4%, P<0.01). Colorectal adenoma detection rate was significantly lower in the metformin group than in the non-metformin group (15.2% vs. 20.5%, P<0.01). Fewer advanced adenomas were detected in the metformin group than in the non-metformin group (12.2% vs. 22%, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis identified age, sex, Body mass index and metformin use as factors associated with polyp incidence, whereas only metforminwas independently associated with decreased adenoma incidence (Odd ratio=0.738, 95% CI=0.554-0.983, P=0.03).

Conclusions

In patients with type 2 DM, metformin reduced the incidence of adenomas that may transform into CRC. Therefore, metformin may be useful for the prevention of CRC in patients with type 2 DM.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Is Metformin Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Polyps, Adenomas, and Colorectal Carcinoma in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus?
    Maria Inês Canha, Gonçalo Ramos, Rita Prata, Pedro Lages Martins, Marta Viúla Ramos, João Coimbra
    Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2024; 55(1): 435.     CrossRef
  • Metformin administration in prevention of colorectal polyps in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
    Xiao-Qing Wu, Li-Hua Deng, Qian Xue, Xia Li, Meng-Han Li, Jing-Tong Wang
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2024; 12(20): 4206.     CrossRef
  • Anti-cancer Efficacy of Metformin: Recent Updates on Breast and Other Cancers
    Md. Imtiazul Kabir, Robin Kumar, Lakshmi Sai Pratyusha Bugata, Komal Raina
    Current Pharmacology Reports.2023; 9(5): 284.     CrossRef
  • Metformin Use Is Inversely Associated with Prevalent, but Not Incident Colorectal Adenomas
    Anna Krigel, Snow Trinh T. Nguyen, Nawar Talukder, Ching-Ho Huang, Carlos Buitrago, Gabriel Karkenny, Benjamin Lebwohl, Julian A. Abrams, James L. Araujo
    Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2022; 67(10): 4886.     CrossRef
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    Cem Sulu, Ayyuce Begum Bektas, Suleyman Sami Guzel, Kubilay Tay, Serdar Sahin, Emre Durcan, Hande Mefkure Ozkaya, Pinar Kadioglu
    Growth Hormone & IGF Research.2022; 66: 101484.     CrossRef
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    Marine Jauvain, Sarah Courtois, Philippe Lehours, Emilie Bessède
    Pharmaceuticals.2021; 14(4): 329.     CrossRef
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    Ethel-Michele de Villiers, Harald zur Hausen
    Cancers.2021; 13(21): 5407.     CrossRef
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    Min Deng, Siqin Lei, Dongdong Huang, Hui Wang, Shuli Xia, Enping Xu, Yihua Wu, Honghe Zhang
    Pathology - Research and Practice.2020; 216(2): 152775.     CrossRef
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    Gad Rennert, Hedy S. Rennert, Naomi Gronich, Mila Pinchev, Stephen B. Gruber
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2020; 165: 108232.     CrossRef
  • Diabetes Mellitus: a Clinical Condition Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Colorectal Cancer Risk
    Vesna Brzacki, Aleksandar Nagorni, Manolis Kallistratos, Athanasios Manolis, Dragan Lovic
    Current Pharmacology Reports.2019; 5(4): 205.     CrossRef
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    Junichi Kato, Yohei Shirakami, Masahito Shimizu
    Gastrointestinal Disorders.2019; 1(2): 273.     CrossRef
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    Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin, Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker, Jin-Rong Zhou, Ishwar Parhar
    Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hee Seung Lee, Sung Bae Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Soo Jung Park, Sung Pil Hong, Jae Hee Cheon, Won Ho Kim, Tae Il Kim
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2018; 87(3): 688.     CrossRef
  • Parameters of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Affect the Occurrence of Colorectal Adenomas Detected by Surveillance Colonoscopies
    Nam Hee Kim, Jung Yul Suh, Jung Ho Park, Dong Il Park, Yong Kyun Cho, Chong Il Sohn, Kyuyong Choi, Yoon Suk Jung
    Yonsei Medical Journal.2017; 58(2): 347.     CrossRef
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    World Journal of Diabetes.2017; 8(6): 249.     CrossRef
  • Metformin use and the risk of colorectal adenoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
    Yoon Suk Jung, Chan Hyuk Park, Chang Soo Eun, Dong Il Park, Dong Soo Han
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    Juhong Yang, Reiko Nishihara, Xuehong Zhang, Shuji Ogino, Zhi Rong Qian
    Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2017; 31(7): 1228.     CrossRef
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    Yi-Chao Hou, Qiang Hu, Jiao Huang, Jing-Yuan Fang, Hua Xiong
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  • Metformin therapy and risk of colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Feifei Liu, Lijing Yan, Zhan Wang, Yuanan Lu, Yuanyuan Chu, Xiangyu Li, Yisi Liu, Dongsheng Rui, Shaofa Nie, Hao Xiang
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  • Therapeutic strategies against cancer stem cells in human colorectal cancer (Review)
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  • Potential Benefit of Metformin as Treatment for Colon Cancer: the Evidence so Far
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  • Weight Change and Obesity Are Associated with a Risk of Adenoma Recurrence
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