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Original Article
IBD
Clinical presentation of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Anupam K. Singh, Anuraag Jena, Praveen Kumar-M, Daya Krishna Jha, Vishal Sharma
Intest Res 2022;20(1):134-143.   Published online January 18, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2020.00108
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is recognized to have variable clinical manifestations. The clinical presentation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) having COVID-19 is unclear.
Methods
We identified articles reporting about the clinical presentation of COVID-19 in those with underlying IBD from PubMed and Embase. The studies, irrespective of design or language, were included. The overall pooled frequency of various symptoms was estimated. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical appraisal checklist was used to assess the quality of studies.
Results
Eleven studies, including 1,325 patients, were included in the pooled analysis. The pooled estimates for clinical presentation were; fever: 67.53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45.38–83.88), cough: 59.58% (95% CI, 45.01–72.63), diarrhea: 27.26% (95% CI, 19.51–36.69), running nose: 27% (95% CI, 15.26–43.19) and dyspnea: 25.29% (95% CI, 18.52–33.52). The pooled prevalence rates for abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting were 13.08% (95% CI, 9.24–18.19), 10.08% (95% CI, 5.84–16.85) and 8.80% (95% CI, 4.43–16.70) per 100 population, respectively.
Conclusions
The clinical presentation of COVID-19 in IBD patients is similar to the general population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Deficient SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity during inflammatory bowel disease
    Amin Alirezaylavasani, Ingrid Marie Egner, Børresdatter Dahl, Adity Chopra, Taissa de Matos Kasahara, Guro Løvik Goll, Jørgen Jahnsen, Gunnveig Grødeland, John Torgils Vaage, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, Jan Cato Holter, Bente Halvorsen, Kristin Kaasen Jørgens
    Clinical Immunology.2025; 271: 110404.     CrossRef
  • Small Bowel Diverticulosis and COVID-19: Awareness Is the Key: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
    Petros Bangeas, Nikolaos Konstantinidis, Tania Chrisopoulou, Despoina Karatzia, Alexandros Giakoustidis, Vasileios Papadopoulos
    Medicina.2024; 60(2): 229.     CrossRef
  • Exacerbated gastrointestinal symptoms and long COVID in IBD patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multi-center study from taiwan
    Tsung-Yu Tsai, Jia-Feng Wu, Meng-Tzu Weng, Chiao-Hsiung Chuang, Tien-Yu Huang, Wei-Chen Tai, Chi-Ming Tai, Chen-Shuan Chung, Chih-Cheng Chen, Ching-Pin Lin, Yuan-Yao Tsai, Shu-Chen Wei
    Journal of the Formosan Medical Association.2024; 123(8): 866.     CrossRef
  • COVID-19 IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: SHOULD WE BE MORE CAREFUL WITH THE USE OF SALICYLATES?
    Mariana Rolim Fernandes MACEDO, Carlos Arthur Fernandes SOBREIRA, Carola Braz de LAVOR, Camila Ribeiro RÔLA, Ticiana Maria de Lavor ROLIM, Francisco Sérgio Rangel de Paula PESSOA, Milena Santana GIRÃO, Caio César Furtado FREIRE, Ranna Caroline Bezerra SIE
    Arquivos de Gastroenterologia.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impact of preexisting digestive problems on the gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 infection
    Xinghuang Liu, Bayasgalan Luvsandagva, Dongke Wang, Siran Zhu, Zhiyue Xu, Dan Zhou, Xiaotian Xie, Wei Qian, Xiaohua Hou, Tao Bai, Dong Keon Yon
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(10): e0312545.     CrossRef
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    David M. Friedel, Mitchell S. Cappell
    Gastroenterology Clinics of North America.2023; 52(1): 59.     CrossRef
  • Managing IBD in the COVID-19 era
    Nicholas Scalzo, Ryan C. Ungaro
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impact of COVID-19 in individuals with and without pre-existent digestive disorders with a particular focus on elderly patients
    Alfredo Papa, Marcello Covino, Sara Sofia De Lucia, Angelo Del Gaudio, Marcello Fiorani, Giorgia Polito, Carlo Romano Settanni, Andrea Piccioni, Francesco Franceschi, Antonio Gasbarrini
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(26): 4099.     CrossRef
  • Twelve Months with COVID-19: What Gastroenterologists Need to Know
    Giulia Concas, Michele Barone, Ruggiero Francavilla, Fernanda Cristofori, Vanessa Nadia Dargenio, Rossella Giorgio, Costantino Dargenio, Vassilios Fanos, Maria Antonietta Marcialis
    Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2022; 67(7): 2771.     CrossRef
  • Perceptions and Behaviors of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease during the COVID-19 Crisis
    Yoo Jin Lee, Kyeong Ok Kim, Min Cheol Kim, Kwang Bum Cho, Kyung Sik Park, Byeong Ik Jang
    Gut and Liver.2022; 16(1): 81.     CrossRef
  • Recent advances in clinical practice: management of inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Simeng Lin, Louis HS Lau, Neil Chanchlani, Nicholas A Kennedy, Siew C Ng
    Gut.2022; 71(7): 1426.     CrossRef
  • Vaccination strategies for Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    Yoo Jin Lee, Eun Soo Kim
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(5): 920.     CrossRef
  • Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases guidance for clinical practice of adult inflammatory bowel disease during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: expert consensus statements
    Yong Eun Park, Yoo Jin Lee, Ji Young Chang, Hyun Joo Song, Duk Hwan Kim, Young Joo Yang, Byung Chang Kim, Jae Gon Lee, Hee Chan Yang, Miyoung Choi, Seong-Eun Kim, Seung-Jae Myung
    Intestinal Research.2022; 20(4): 431.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopy within 7 days after detecting high calprotectin levels can be useful for therapeutic decision-making in ulcerative colitis
    Ho Min Yong, Sung-Jo Park, Seong Ran Jeon, Heesu Park, Hyun Gun Kim, Tae Hee Lee, Junseok Park, Jin-Oh Kim, Joon Seong Lee, Bong Min Ko, Hyeon Jeong Goong, Suyeon Park
    Medicine.2021; 100(34): e27065.     CrossRef
  • KASID Guidance for Clinical Practice Management of Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Consensus Statement
    Yong Eun Park, Yoo Jin Lee, Ji Young Chang, Hyun Joo Song, Duk Hwan Kim, Young Joo Yang, Byung Chang Kim, Jae Gon Lee, Hee Chan Yang, Miyoung Choi, Seong-Eun Kim, Seung-Jae Myung
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 78(2): 105.     CrossRef
  • The natural history of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide study by the Hellenic Society for the study of IBD
    Giorgos Bamias, Georgios Kokkotis, Angeliki Christidou, Dimitrios K. Christodoulou, Vasileios Delis, Georgia Diamantopoulou, Smaragdi Fessatou, Anthia Gatopoulou, Olga Giouleme, Panagiota Kafritsa, Chrisostomos Kalantzis, Andreas Kapsoritakis, Pantelis Ka
    European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2021; 33(1S): e810.     CrossRef
  • 7,914 View
  • 432 Download
  • 16 Web of Science
  • 16 Crossref
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Review
Microbiota
Gut microbiome and checkpoint inhibitor colitis
Kanika Sehgal, Sahil Khanna
Intest Res 2021;19(4):360-364.   Published online December 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2020.00116
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies such as ipilimumab, are increasingly being used as a treatment option for a variety of cancers, including metastatic melanoma and have demonstrated effectively a prolonged survival. These agents have an immunological mode of action that predisposes patients to a number of immune-related adverse events, colitis being one of the most commonly encountered complications. The pathogenesis for the development of colitis is unclear, and there is a growing consensus that the ecosystem of the gastrointestinal microbiota plays a significant role. Based on this suspected connection, studies are being carried out to explore the changes in the microbiota in patients on these medications who develop colitis. Conceivably, the modulation of the gut microbiota could offer a therapeutic benefit. Fecal microbiota transplantation is one therapeutic option that is currently being investigated, though there are still more data needed to evaluate its efficacy. In this review, we recapitulate the mechanisms of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors, their adverse events, with a focus on colitis and the role gut microbiota are suspected to play, and finally discuss the microbiota modulation therapies being investigated.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • What should intensivists know about immune checkpoint inhibitors and their side effects?
    Viktor Yordanov Zlatkov Aleksandrov, Fernando Martínez Sagasti, Juncal Pérez-Somarriba Moreno, Helena Huertas Mondéjar
    Medicina Intensiva (English Edition).2025; : 502135.     CrossRef
  • The association between metformin use, immune mediated colitis and overall survival in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitor
    Malek Shatila, Carolina Colli Cruz, Linfeng Lu, Kian Abdul-baki, Elliot Baerman, Kei Takigawa, Andres Urias Rivera, Irene Jeong-Ah Lee, Sean Ngo, Gabriel Sperling, Abdullah Sagar Aleem, Raakhi Menon, Andrew Sullivan, Varun Vemulapalli, Cristina Natha, Tan
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  • Gut Microbiota Modulation of Efficacy and Toxicity of Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
    Despoina Chrysostomou, Lauren A. Roberts, Julian R. Marchesi, James M. Kinross
    Gastroenterology.2023; 164(2): 198.     CrossRef
  • Compositional changes in fecal microbiota associated with clinical phenotypes and prognosis in Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    Seung Yong Shin, Young Kim, Won-Seok Kim, Jung Min Moon, Kang-Moon Lee, Sung-Ae Jung, Hyesook Park, Eun Young Huh, Byung Chang Kim, Soo Chan Lee, Chang Hwan Choi
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(1): 148.     CrossRef
  • Obesity Measured via Body Mass Index May Be Associated with Increased Incidence but Not Worse Outcomes of Immune-Mediated Diarrhea and Colitis
    Miho Kono, Malek Shatila, Guofan Xu, Yang Lu, Antony Mathew, Wasay Mohajir, Krishnavathana Varatharajalu, Wei Qiao, Anusha S. Thomas, Yinghong Wang
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    Ankita Singh, Sharon Grace Alexander, Sunil Martin
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    Tae-Geun Gweon
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 82(2): 56.     CrossRef
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    Patrick T Magahis, Steven B Maron, Darren Cowzer, Stephanie King, Mark Schattner, Yelena Janjigian, David Faleck, Monika Laszkowska
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  • Comments on Efficacy of a Synbiotic Containing Lactobacillus paracasei DKGF1 and Opuntia humifusa in Elderly Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
    Kwang Woo Kim
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    Ping Li, Dong-Ping Shi, Tao Jin, Dong Tang, Wei Wang, Liu-Hua Wang
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  • Exploration of Potential Gut Microbiota-Derived Biomarkers to Predict the Success of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Cohort in Korea
    Gi-Ung Kang, Sowon Park, Yeongyun Jung, Jai J. Jee, Min-Sueng Kim, Seungjun Lee, Dong-Woo Lee, Jae-Ho Shin, Hong Koh
    Gut and Liver.2022; 16(5): 775.     CrossRef
  • Physical Activity as the Best Supportive Care in Cancer: The Clinician’s and the Researcher’s Perspectives
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  • 298 Download
  • 14 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
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Case Reports
Telmisartan-induced sprue-like enteropathy: a case report and a review of patients using non-olmesartan angiotensin receptor blockers
Harshal Surendra Mandavdhare, Vishal Sharma, Kaushal K Prasad, Amit Kumar, Manish Rathi, Surinder S Rana
Intest Res 2017;15(3):419-421.   Published online June 12, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2017.15.3.419
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Recent studies have identified sprue-like illness associated with the use of the antihypertensive agent olmesartan medoxomil. However, whether this condition is specific to the use of olmesartan or is associated with the use of drugs belonging to the class of “sartans” remains to be clarified. A 45-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease along with hypothyroidism and hypertension presented with chronic diarrhea and significant weight loss. Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract showed scalloping and grooving of the duodenum, and histopathological examination showed subtotal villous atrophy. She was on telmisartan for hypertension, which was discontinued. Subsequently, diarrhea ameliorated dramatically, and she regained weight. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report telmisartan-associated sprue-like enteropathy. Further, we have reviewed the cases of patients with sprue-like enteropathy caused by valsartan, irbesartan, and eprosartan.

Citations

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  • Olmesartan induced gastritis and enteropathy
    Ankur Gupta, Priyanka Jain, Latika Gupta
    Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 43(3): 684.     CrossRef
  • Systematic review: Clinical phenotypes, histopathological features and prognosis of enteropathy due to angiotensin II receptor blockers
    Annalisa Schiepatti, Paolo Minerba, Michele Puricelli, Stiliano Maimaris, Giovanni Arpa, Federico Biagi, David S. Sanders
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2024; 59(4): 432.     CrossRef
  • Olmesartan induced enteropathy affecting the entire gastrointestinal tract: a case report
    N Van Horebeek, R Croes, A Vonck, E Colpaert
    Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica.2023; 86(1): 95.     CrossRef
  • A Case of Sprue-like Enteropathy Associated With Valsartan and Irbesartan
    Seo Yeon Yoo, Jihun Kim, Kee Wook Jung
    Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility.2022; 28(2): 327.     CrossRef
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  • Severe cases of sprue‐like enteropathy associated with angiotensin receptor blockers other than olmesartan
    Peter Malfertheiner, Chiara Formigoni
    GastroHep.2021; 3(2): 88.     CrossRef
  • Telmisartan-induced sprue-like enteropathy: a case report
    Natalia Alzueta, Amaya Echeverría, Lorea Sanz, Carmen Fontela, Teresa Acín, Lidia Montenegro, Javier Garjón
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    Francesco Abbruzzi, Ilaria Loconte, Sonia Carparelli, Enzo Ierardi, Alfredo Di Leo, Mariabeatrice Principi
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    A. Sadki, M. Le Besnerais, F. Héron, I. Marie
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    Mattia Bonzi, Elisa M. Fiorelli, Gaia Montanelli, Ludovico Furlan, Monica Solbiati
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  • Angiotensin II receptor blockers and gastrointestinal adverse events of resembling sprue-like enteropathy: a systematic review
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    René R. Wenzel, Christian Datz
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  • Severe intestinal malabsorption associated with ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker treatment. An observational cohort study in Germany and Italy
    Peter Malfertheiner, Claudio Ripellino, Nazarena Cataldo
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  • 91 Download
  • 14 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
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Chronic intractable diarrhea caused by gastrointestinal mastocytosis
Hyungil Seo, Sang Hyoung Park, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Chang Gok Woo, Seung-Mo Hong, Kiju Chang, Hoonsub So, Minseob Kwak, Wan Soo Kim, Jeong-Mi Lee, Dong-Hoon Yang, Kyung-Jo Kim, Byong Duk Ye, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang
Intest Res 2016;14(3):280-284.   Published online June 27, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2016.14.3.280
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

As mast cells have been highlighted in the pathogenesis of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, a new term "mastocytic enterocolitis" was suggested by Jakate and colleagues to describe an increase in mucosal mast cells in patients with chronic intractable diarrhea and favorable response to treatment with antihistamines. Although it is not an established disease entity, two cases have been reported in the English medical literature. Here, for the first time in Asia, we report another case of chronic intractable diarrhea caused by gastrointestinal mastocytosis. The patient was a 70-year-old male with chronic intractable diarrhea for 3 months; the cause of the diarrhea remained obscure even after exhaustive evaluation. However, biopsy specimens from the jejunum were found to have increased mast cell infiltration, and the patient was successfully treated with antihistamines.

Citations

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  • Mastocytic Enterocolitis: An Overlooked Diagnosis for Unexplained Chronic Diarrhea in a Patient With Colon Polyps and a Family History of Colon Cancer
    Leeann Hu, Liliana Franco, Jignesh Parikh, Vania Zayat
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Leonard Hamera, Andrew M Santos, Sean-Patrick A Prince, Sreekanth Chandrupatla, Jeffrey Jordan
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    Vivian C. Nanagas, Anna Kovalszki
    Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology.2019; 57(2): 194.     CrossRef
  • Mastocytosis
    Jingtao Chen, Patrick Brady, Jay Mamel
    The Nurse Practitioner.2019; 44(8): 17.     CrossRef
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    Hee-Kyoo Kim
    Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease.2017; 5(5): 248.     CrossRef
  • 9,521 View
  • 93 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
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Review
Pharmacologic Agents for Chronic Diarrhea
Kwang Jae Lee
Intest Res 2015;13(4):306-312.   Published online October 15, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2015.13.4.306
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Chronic diarrhea is usually associated with a number of non-infectious causes. When definitive treatment is unavailable, symptomatic drug therapy is indicated. Pharmacologic agents for chronic diarrhea include loperamide, 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists, diosmectite, cholestyramine, probiotics, antispasmodics, rifaximin, and anti-inflammatory agents. Loperamide, a synthetic opiate agonist, decreases peristaltic activity and inhibits secretion, resulting in the reduction of fluid and electrolyte loss and an increase in stool consistency. Cholestyramine is a bile acid sequestrant that is generally considered as the first-line treatment for bile acid diarrhea. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have significant benefits in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with diarrhea. Ramosetron improves stool consistency as well as global IBS symptoms. Probiotics may have a role in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. However, data on the role of probiotics in the treatment of chronic diarrhea are lacking. Diosmectite, an absorbent, can be used for the treatment of chronic functional diarrhea, radiation-induced diarrhea, and chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. Antispasmodics including alverine citrate, mebeverine, otilonium bromide, and pinaverium bromide are used for relieving diarrheal symptoms and abdominal pain. Rifaximin can be effective for chronic diarrhea associated with IBS and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Budesonide is effective in both lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis. The efficacy of mesalazine in microscopic colitis is weak or remains uncertain. Considering their mechanisms of action, these agents should be prescribed properly.

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Original Article
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Active Drug Comparative, Parallel-Group, Multi-Center Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis, Zhengchangsheng® capsule) in Patients with Diarrhea
Jun Heo, Sung Kook Kim, Kyung Sik Park, Hye Kyung Jung, Joong Goo Kwon, Byung Ik Jang
Intest Res 2014;12(3):236-244.   Published online July 25, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.3.236
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
<b>Background/Aims</b><br/>

Bacillus Licheniformis, a probiotic used in the treatment of diarrhea, has been shown to suppress the growth of pathologic bacteria. This study was performed to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Zhengchangsheng® (Bacillus Licheniformis) in comparison with another probiotic, Bioflor® (Saccharomyces Boulardii) for the treatment of diarrhea.

Methods

Patients with diarrhea (n=158) were randomized to receive Zhengchangsheng® or Bioflor® for 5 days. The existence or non-existence of formed feces, changes in daily stool frequency, improvement of subjective symptoms, and changes in the severity of diarrhea were compared.

Results

Of the 158 full analysis set (FAS) patient population, 151 patients comprised the per protocol (PP) analysis. The rates of recovered to formed feces in the Bacillus and Saccharomyces groups were 91.0% vs. 95.0% in the FAS (P=0.326) and 90.5% vs. 96.1% in the PP analysis (P=0.169), respectively. The mean duration of diarrhea changing to formed feces was 3.15±1.10 days in the Bacillus group and 3.22±1.01 in the Saccharomyces group (P=0.695, FAS). The frequency of defecation, subjective symptoms, and degree of severe diarrhea were improved in both groups, however, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. Analysis of the 95% confidence intervals for the differences in the rate of recovery to formed feces between the 2 groups met the criteria for non-inferiority of Bacillus compared to Saccharomyces. No significant adverse events were observed during the study period.

Conclusions

Zhengchangsheng® is not inferior to Bioflor® in therapeutic efficacy and is a safe and useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of diarrhea.

Citations

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