Intestinal Research

Original Articles

IBD

Live-attenuated vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease while continuing or after elective switch to vedolizumab: Hisashi Shiga, Hiroshi Nagai, Yusuke Shimoyama, Takeo Naito, Rintaro Moroi, Yoichi Kakuta, Yoshitaka Kinouchi, Atsushi Masamune; Intest Res 2024;22(3):378-386. Published online March 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00203

Background/Aims
Vedolizumab (VDZ) is a gut-selective agent with a favorable safety profile. We aimed to assess the feasibility of elective switch from other advanced therapies to VDZ and subsequent live-attenuated vaccination while continuing VDZ in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
Methods
We measured antibody titers specific for measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella viruses in IBD patients under immunosuppressive therapy. Those with negative titers and without vaccination history were judged unimmunized. Patients were administered vaccines while continuing VDZ or switched to VDZ if receiving other advanced therapies and then administered vaccines. Co-primary outcomes were the rate of maintaining disease severity after vaccination and the rate without vaccine-induced infection.
Results
Among 107 unimmunized patients, 37 agreed to receive live-attenuated vaccines while continuing VDZ (17 patients) or after switching to VDZ (20 patients). In the 20 patients who electively switched to VDZ, disease severity was maintained except for 1 patient who developed intestinal infection. After 54 weeks, 18 patients (90%) continued to receive VDZ, excluding 2 patients who reverted to their originally administered biologics. In all 37 patients administered live-attenuated vaccines under VDZ treatment, disease severity was maintained after vaccination. Antibody titers became positive or equivocal in 34 patients (91.9%). There were no cases of vaccine-induced infection during a median observation period of 121 weeks.
Conclusions
While live-attenuated vaccines are contraindicated under immunosuppressive therapy, they may be safely administered while receiving VDZ immunotherapy. Switching from other advanced therapies to VDZ and subsequently receiving live-attenuated vaccines may be a safe alternative in unimmunized patients.

Citations

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Live Typhoid and Yellow Fever Vaccines Administered to a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis on Vedolizumab
Yash Hegde, Mary S. Hayney, Freddy Caldera
ACG Case Reports Journal.2024; 11(10): e01507. CrossRef

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IBD

Effects of COVID-19 vaccines on patient-reported outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter survey study in Korea: Jung Hyun Ji, Seung Hwan Shin, Yong Eun Park, Jihye Park, Jae Jun Park, Jae Hee Cheon, Tae Il Kim, Sang-Bum Kang, Sang Hyoung Park, Soo Jung Park, IBD Research Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID); Intest Res 2024;22(3):336-350. Published online March 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00077

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Background/Aims
The impact of vaccination on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is still unknown, and no studies have assessed the changes in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after vaccination in patients with IBD. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the impact of vaccines on the PROs of patients with IBD.
Methods
We conducted a questionnaire survey of patients with IBD who visited outpatient clinics at 4 specialized IBD clinics of referral university hospitals from April 2022 to June 2022. A total of 309 IBD patients were included in the study. Patient information was collected from a questionnaire and their medical records, including laboratory findings, were reviewed retrospectively. Risk factors associated with an increase in PROs after COVID-19 vaccination were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. In addition, we assessed whether there were differences in variables by vaccine order using the linear mixed model.
Results
In multivariate analysis, young age ( < 40 years) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were found to be independent risk factors for aggravation of PROs in patients with IBD. In all patients, platelet count significantly increased with continued vaccination in multiple pairwise comparisons. In UC patients, PROs such as the short health scale, UC-abdominal signs and symptoms, and UC-bowel signs and symptoms were aggravated significantly with continued vaccination. There was no significant increase in the variables of patients with Crohn’s disease.
Conclusions
Therefore, there may be a need to counsel patients with IBD younger than 40 years of age, and patients with UC before they receive COVID-19 vaccinations.

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IBD

Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination in patients with ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study: Anurag Mishra, Amarender Singh Puri, Sanjeev Sachdeva, Ashok Dalal; Intest Res 2022;20(4):445-451. Published online February 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00106

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims
Response to vaccine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is lower than in the general population. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) versus controls.
Methods
We prospectively compared antibody response to HBV vaccination in 100 patients with UC versus controls. HBV vaccination was given to all the cases and controls at 0, 1 and 6 months. Anti-hepatitis B surface (anti-HBs) titers were then measured 4 weeks after the first and the third dose. Adequate immune response (AIR) was considered if the anti-HBs titer was >10 IU/L and effective immune response (EIR) if the anti-HBs titer was >100 IU/L.
Results
Median anti-HBs titer was lower in patients with UC than controls (67 IU/L vs. 105 IU/L, P<0.01). AIR and EIR were significantly lower in patients than in controls (82% vs. 96%, P=0.001; 41% vs. 66%, P<0.001, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that age <30 years, mild to moderate severity of disease, disease duration <5 years, male sex, post first dose anti-HBs titer >2 IU/L and non-exposure to corticosteroids, azathioprine and biologicals were predictors of AIR in patients with UC (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that only non-exposure to corticosteroids, azathioprine and biologicals, male sex, and disease duration <5 years were independent predictors of AIR.
Conclusions
Response rate to the HBV vaccination in patients with UC was significantly lower as compared to the controls. Male sex, shorter disease duration, and non-exposure to immunomodulators were independent predictors of AIR.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Consensus Statements on Assessments and Vaccinations Prior to Commencement of Advanced Therapies for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Rupert W. Leong, Anthony Sakiris, Arteen Arzivian, John David Chetwood, Thanaboon Chaemsupaphan, Miles P. Sparrow, Michael A. Kamm, Viraj Kariayawasam
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025; 61(1): 132. CrossRef
Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis on Infliximab Is Attenuated Compared to Those on 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Therapies: A Prospective Observational Study
Mohammad Shehab, Fatema Alrashed, Munerah Alyaseen, Zainab Safar, Tunrayo Adekunle, Ahmad Alfadhli, Talat Bessissow
Vaccines.2024; 12(4): 364. CrossRef
Beyond the survey, to the ideal therapy for Asian
Ki Jae Jo, Jong Pil Im
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(3): 280. CrossRef

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Review

Inflammatory bowel diseases

Prevention and management of viral hepatitis in inflammatory bowel disease: a clinical practice guideline by the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases: Soo-Kyung Park, Chang Hwan Choi, Jaeyoung Chun, Heeyoung Lee, Eun Sun Kim, Jae Jun Park, Chan Hyuk Park, Bo-In Lee, Yunho Jung, Dong-Il Park, Do Young Kim, Hana Park, Yoon Tae Jeen, IBD Research Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases; Intest Res 2020;18(1):18-33. Published online January 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2019.09155

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

The treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been revolutionized for the last 10 years by the increasing use of immunomodulators and biologics. With immunosuppression of this kind, opportunistic infection is an important safety concern for patients with IBD. In particular, viral hepatitis is determined by the interaction between the virus and the host’s immunity, and the risk of reactivation increases if immunity is compromised by immunosuppression therapy. Parts of Asia, including Korea, still show intermediate endemicity for the hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus compared with the United States and Western Europe. Thus, members of IBD research group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases have produced a guideline on the prevention and management of viral hepatitis in IBD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Iranian Consensus Guideline for Pharmacotherapy with Biologics and Small Molecules Drugs in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Niloofar Khoshnam-Rad, Homayoon Vahedi, Anahita Sadeghi, Mansoor Rastegarpanah, Soha Namazi, Amir Anushiravani, Ali Reza Sima, Shabnam Shahrokh, Sudabeh Alatab, Reza Malekzadeh
Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases.2023; 15(2): 83. CrossRef
Protective role of flavonoids quercetin and silymarin in the viral-associated inflammatory bowel disease: an updated review
Elham Zarenezhad, Hussein T. Abdulabbas, Ahmed Shayaa Kareem, Seyed Amin Kouhpayeh, Silvia Barbaresi, Sohrab Najafipour, Abdulbaset Mazarzaei, Mitra Sotoudeh, Abdolmajid Ghasemian
Archives of Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The impact of medication belief on adherence to infliximab in patients with Crohn’s disease
Shuyan Li, Yan Ma, Hongling Sun, Zijun Ni, Shurong Hu, Yan Chen, Meijuan Lan
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease: expert consensus statement by KASID
Yoo Jin Lee, Seong-Eun Kim, Yong Eun Park, Ji Young Chang, Hyun Joo Song, Duk Hwan Kim, Young Joo Yang, Byung Chang Kim, Jae Gon Lee, Hee Chan Yang, Miyoung Choi, Seung-Jae Myung
Intestinal Research.2022; 20(2): 171. CrossRef
Clinical Course of Hepatitis B Viral Infection in Patients Undergoing Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor α Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Ji Min Lee, Shu-Chen Wei, Kang-Moon Lee, Byong Duk Ye, Ren Mao, Hyun-Soo Kim, Soo Jung Park, Sang Hyoung Park, Eun Hye Oh, Jong Pil Im, Byung Ik Jang, Dae Bum Kim, Ken Takeuchi
Gut and Liver.2022; 16(3): 396. CrossRef
Antiviral Prophylaxis Against Hepatitis B Virus in Patients Treated with Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor α Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Eun Ae Kang, Jae Hee Cheon
Gut and Liver.2022; 16(4): 501. CrossRef
Risk of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Reactivation in Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases Receiving Biologics: Focus on the Timing of Biologics after Anti-HBV Treatment
Soo Min Ahn, Jonggi Choi, Byong Duk Ye, Suk-Kyun Yang, Ji Seon Oh, Yong‑Gil Kim, Chang-Keun Lee, Bin Yoo, Sang Hyoung Park, Seokchan Hong
Gut and Liver.2022; 16(4): 567. CrossRef
Inflammatory bowel disease in Korea: epidemiology and pathophysiology
Jung Won Lee, Chang Soo Eun
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(5): 885. CrossRef
Viral Hepatitis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Seung Hwan Shin, Sang Hyoung Park
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 80(2): 51. CrossRef
Vaccination strategies for Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Yoo Jin Lee, Eun Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(5): 920. CrossRef
Current Status of Opportunistic Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in Asia: A Questionnaire-Based Multicenter Study
Hong Yang, Zhihua Ran, Meng Jin, Jia-Ming Qian
Gut and Liver.2022; 16(5): 726. CrossRef
Do We Have an Opportunity to Avoid Opportunistic Infections in Asian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Suhyun Park, Sang Hyoung Park
Gut and Liver.2022; 16(5): 663. CrossRef
Natural history of inflammatory bowel disease: a comparison between the East and the West
Eun Mi Song, Suk-Kyun Yang
Intestinal Research.2022; 20(4): 418. CrossRef
Hepatobiliary Impairments in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: The Current Approach
Vlad Alexandru Ionescu, Gina Gheorghe, Valentin Nicolae Varlas, Ana Maria Alexandra Stanescu, Camelia Cristina Diaconu
Gastroenterology Insights.2022; 14(1): 13. CrossRef
Viral infections in inflammatory bowel disease: Tips and tricks for correct management
Vincenzo Craviotto, Federica Furfaro, Laura Loy, Alessandra Zilli, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Gionata Fiorino, Silvio Danese, Mariangela Allocca
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 27(27): 4276. CrossRef
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination for Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Expert Consensus Statements by KASID
Yoo Jin Lee, Seong-Eun Kim, Yong Eun Park, Ji Young Chang, Hyun Joo Song, Duk Hwan Kim, Young Joo Yang, Byung Chang Kim, Jae Gon Lee, Hee Chan Yang, Miyoung Choi, Seung-Jae Myung
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 78(2): 117. CrossRef
Current status of inflammatory bowel diseases in Korea
Suk-Kyun Yang
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2021; 64(9): 572. CrossRef
A clinical case of ulcerative colitis in a patient with viral hepatitis
E. D. Kosmachova, M. S. Iakovenko, K. A. Yumukian
South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice.2020; 1(3): 95. CrossRef

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18 Crossref

Original Articles

IBD

Response to hepatitis B vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective observational study in Korea: Ji Young Chang, Sung-Ae Jung, Chang Mo Moon, Seong-Eun Kim, Hye-Kyung Jung, Ki-Nam Shim; Intest Res 2018;16(4):599-608. Published online October 10, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.00012

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims
Testing for hepatitis B virus (HBV) serologic markers and appropriate vaccination are required in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. We evaluated immunogenicity for HBV in IBD patients and the response to the HBV vaccination.
Methods
From May 2014 to August 2016, patients diagnosed with IBD were prospectively included and evaluated for anti-HBs antibody, anti-HBc antibody, and HBs antigen. Among the 73 patients who were confirmed with nonimmunity to HBV, 44 patients who had completed the 3-dose HBV vaccination series received a single booster vaccination, while 29 patients who had not completed the vaccinations series or were unsure of receiving the vaccination received a full vaccination series.
Results
An optimal response was obtained in 70.5% of the patients in the booster group, and 89.7% of the patients in the full vaccination group. Age younger than 26 years (odds ratio [OR], 6.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–31.32; P=0.033) and a complete previous vaccination series (OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.03–0.80; P=0.026) were associated with optimal vaccine response. Previous complete vaccination series (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02–0.73; P=0.022) was the only predictive factor for lower compliance.
Conclusions
The response to the HBV vaccination was lower in patients older than 26 years and for those patients with a complete vaccination history. Since patients with a complete vaccination history also had poor compliance, serum HBV-titers should be checked more thoroughly, and a full vaccination series should be administered in cases when there is a negative response to the booster vaccination.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis on Infliximab Is Attenuated Compared to Those on 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Therapies: A Prospective Observational Study
Mohammad Shehab, Fatema Alrashed, Munerah Alyaseen, Zainab Safar, Tunrayo Adekunle, Ahmad Alfadhli, Talat Bessissow
Vaccines.2024; 12(4): 364. CrossRef
Meta‐analysis: hepatitis B vaccination in inflammatory bowel disease
Anupam Kumar Singh, Anuraag Jena, Gaurav Mahajan, Ritin Mohindra, Vikas Suri, Vishal Sharma
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2022; 55(8): 908. CrossRef
Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination in patients with ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study
Anurag Mishra, Amarender Singh Puri, Sanjeev Sachdeva, Ashok Dalal
Intestinal Research.2022; 20(4): 445. CrossRef
A Review of Vaccinations in Adult Patients with Secondary Immunodeficiency
Elda Righi, Tolinda Gallo, Anna Maria Azzini, Fulvia Mazzaferri, Maddalena Cordioli, Mara Merighi, Evelina Tacconelli
Infectious Diseases and Therapy.2021; 10(2): 637. CrossRef
Vaccination in the Elderly and IBD
Anthony J. Choi, Preston Atteberry, Dana J. Lukin
Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology.2019; 17(4): 492. CrossRef

8,490 View
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IBD

Nonimmunity against hepatitis B virus infection in patients newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease: Seong Jae Yeo, Hyun Seok Lee, Byung Ik Jang, Eun Soo Kim, Seong Woo Jeon, Sung Kook Kim, Kyeong Ok Kim, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyun Jik Lee, Kyung Sik Park, Yun Jin Jung, Eun Young Kim, Chang Heon Yang; Intest Res 2018;16(3):400-408. Published online July 27, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.16.3.400

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims

This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serologic markers in Korean patients newly diagnosed with, but not yet treated for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 210 patients newly diagnosed with IBD (109 with ulcerative colitis and 101 with Crohn's disease). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) levels were measured and compared with those of 1,100 sex- and age-matched controls.

Results

The prevalence of chronic HBV infection (positive HBsAg, positive anti-HBc, and negative anti-HBs results) and past infection (negative HBsAg, positive anti-HBc, and positive or negative anti-HBs results) were not significantly different between the patients and controls (chronic HBV infection: IBD, 3.8% vs. control, 4.9%, P=0.596; past infection: IBD, 26.2% vs. control, 28.8%, P=0.625). The patients with IBD aged <20 years were at a higher susceptibility risk (nonimmune) for HBV infection than the controls (IBD, 41.5% vs. control, 22.4%; P=0.018). In the multivariate analysis, an age of <20 years (P=0.024) and symptom duration of ≥12 months before diagnosis (P=0.027) were identified as independent risk factors for nonimmunity against HBV infection.

Conclusions

The patients newly diagnosed with IBD were susceptible to HBV infection. The frequency of nonimmunity was high, especially in the patients aged <20 years and those with a longer duration of symptoms before diagnosis. Therefore, it is necessary to screen for HBV serologic markers and generate a detailed vaccination plan for patients newly diagnosed with IBD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Suprabhat Giri, Dhiraj Agrawal, Shivaraj Afzalpurkar, Sunil Kasturi, Amrit Gopan, Sridhar Sundaram, Aditya Kale
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(3): 392. CrossRef
Viral Hepatitis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Seung Hwan Shin, Sang Hyoung Park
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 80(2): 51. CrossRef
Vaccination strategies for Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Yoo Jin Lee, Eun Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(5): 920. CrossRef
Management of hepatitis B virus infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease under immunosuppressive treatment
Georgios Axiaris, Evanthia Zampeli, Spyridon Michopoulos, Giorgos Bamias
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 27(25): 3762. CrossRef
Prevention and management of viral hepatitis in inflammatory bowel disease: a clinical practice guideline by the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
Soo-Kyung Park, Chang Hwan Choi, Jaeyoung Chun, Heeyoung Lee, Eun Sun Kim, Jae Jun Park, Chan Hyuk Park, Bo-In Lee, Yunho Jung, Dong-Il Park, Do Young Kim, Hana Park, Yoon Tae Jeen
Intestinal Research.2020; 18(1): 18. CrossRef
Evaluating Hepatitis B Seroprotection and Revaccination for Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Erica J Brenner, Ravi Jhaveri, Michael D Kappelman, Ajay S Gulati
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2019; 25(9): e108. CrossRef
The importance of immunization in immune-mediated inflammatory disease cannot be overstated
Sang Hyoung Park
Intestinal Research.2018; 16(3): 325. CrossRef

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Vaccination and Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Sung Bae Kim, Soo Jung Park, Sook Hee Chung, Kyu Yeon Hahn, Do Chang Moon, Sung Pil Hong, Jae Hee Cheon, Tae Il Kim, Won Ho Kim; Intest Res 2014;12(2):124-130. Published online April 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.2.124

Abstract PDF PubReader

Background/Aims

Vaccinations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are recommended to prevent infectious diseases. However, there are few reports of vaccination in IBD patients in Korea. The frequency of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is high despite its uncertain effectiveness. This study aimed to identify the rates of vaccination and use of CAM in patients with IBD.

Methods

A total of 219 patients attended an education session for IBD patients held at Severance Hospital on March 23, 2013. We conducted a survey on vaccination and CAM use in IBD patients; 120 patients completed the questionnaire.

Results

The influenza vaccination rate was 44.2% and pneumococcal vaccination rate was 4.2%. Thirty-one (66%) patients were aware of the importance of vaccination. The vaccination rate was higher in patients who were aware of the importance of vaccination compared with that in patients who were unaware of the importance of vaccination (70.1% vs. 41.7%, P=0.004). The rate of CAM use was 30.0%. The most commonly used CAMs were oral products: vitamins (33.3%), red ginseng (25.0%), and probiotics (19.4%).

Conclusions

Awareness of the importance of vaccination and actual vaccination rates were low in IBD patients. Despite insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of CAMs in IBD patients, many patients used CAMs. We believe that repeated education and promotion of vaccination are important. Further large-scale studies to investigate the efficacy and safety of CAMs are warranted in patients with IBD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Factors associated with the prescription of probiotics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study
Joo Kyung Kim, Jae Hee Cheon
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(1): 37. CrossRef
Adherence to Recommended Immunization Schedules in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Biologics and Small Molecule Therapies
Mohammad Shehab, Ranim Almatar, Rawan Almohammad, Ahmad Alfadhli
Gastroenterology Insights.2023; 14(3): 383. CrossRef
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease: expert consensus statement by KASID
Yoo Jin Lee, Seong-Eun Kim, Yong Eun Park, Ji Young Chang, Hyun Joo Song, Duk Hwan Kim, Young Joo Yang, Byung Chang Kim, Jae Gon Lee, Hee Chan Yang, Miyoung Choi, Seung-Jae Myung
Intestinal Research.2022; 20(2): 171. CrossRef
Vaccinations and inflammatory bowel disease – a systematic review
Webber Chan, Ennaliza Salazar, Teong Guan Lim, Wan Chee Ong, Hang Hock Shim
Digestive and Liver Disease.2021; 53(9): 1079. CrossRef
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination for Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Expert Consensus Statements by KASID
Yoo Jin Lee, Seong-Eun Kim, Yong Eun Park, Ji Young Chang, Hyun Joo Song, Duk Hwan Kim, Young Joo Yang, Byung Chang Kim, Jae Gon Lee, Hee Chan Yang, Miyoung Choi, Seung-Jae Myung
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 78(2): 117. CrossRef
A recent update on the use of Chinese medicine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Lin Yang, Hua Luo, Dechao Tan, Siyuan Zhang, Zhangfeng Zhong, Shengpeng Wang, Chi Teng Vong, Yitao Wang
Phytomedicine.2021; 92: 153709. CrossRef
Insufficient vaccination and inadequate immunization rates among Korean patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Han Hee Ryu, Kiju Chang, Nayoung Kim, Ho-Su Lee, Sung Wook Hwang, Sang Hyoung Park, Dong-Hoon Yang, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Byong Duk Ye
Medicine.2021; 100(45): e27714. CrossRef
Complementary and alternative medicine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: hype or evidence?
Jae Myung Cha
Intestinal Research.2020; 18(2): 141. CrossRef
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Uma P. Phatak, Arik Alper, Dinesh S. Pashankar
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.2019; 68(2): 157. CrossRef
Prevalence and indicators of use of complementary and alternative medicine in Austrian patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Hans Peter Gröchenig, Thomas Waldhör, Thomas Haas, Heimo Wenzl, Pius Steiner, Robert Koch, Thomas Feichtenschlager, Gerald Eckhardt, Andreas Mayer, Andreas Kirchgatterer, Othmar Ludwiczek, Reingard Platzer, Pavol Papay, Johanna Gartner, Harry Fuchssteiner
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2019; 31(10): 1211. CrossRef
The who-when-why triangle of complementary and alternative medicine use among Portuguese IBD patients
Francisco Portela, Camila C. Dias, Paulo Caldeira, Marilia Cravo, João Deus, Raquel Gonçalves, Paula Lago, Henrique Morna, Paula Peixe, Jaime Ramos, Helena Sousa, Lurdes Tavares, Helena Vasconcelos, Fernando Magro, Paula Ministro
Digestive and Liver Disease.2017; 49(4): 388. CrossRef
Chlorogenic acid suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and interleukin-1β expression by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 activation in RAW264.7 cells
Sang-Hun Kim, Sun-Young Park, Young-Lan Park, Dae-Seong Myung, Jong-Sun Rew, Young-Eun Joo
Molecular Medicine Reports.2017; 16(6): 9224. CrossRef
Vaccination in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Attitudes, Knowledge, and Uptake
Gurtej Malhi, Amir Rumman, Reka Thanabalan, Kenneth Croitoru, Mark S. Silverberg, A. Hillary Steinhart, Geoffrey C. Nguyen
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2015; 9(6): 439. CrossRef
Ideal Vaccination Strategy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Chang Kyun Lee
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 65(3): 159. CrossRef

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