Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
© 2024 Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Funding Source
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Conflict of Interest
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Data Availability Statement
All authors shared raw data for this study. The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available because we did not receive permission to make the data currently accessible to researchers from outside the organization. However, it will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request after permission is obtained from the Ethics Committee of Kansai Medical University.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: Nakamura N, Naganuma M. Data curation: Nakamura N. Formal analysis: Nakamura N, Honzawa Y. Investigation: all authors. Project administration: Naganuma M. Supervision: Tomiyama T, Tahara T, Fukata N, Fukui T, Naganuma M. Writing – original draft: Nakamura N, Naganuma M. Writing – review & editing: Naganuma M. Approval of final manuscript: all authors.
Characteristics | Value (n = 94) |
---|---|
Sex | |
Male | 69 (73.4) |
Female | 25 (26.6) |
Age (yr) | 35.5 (15–83) |
Clinical remission | 69 (73.4) |
Duration of disease (yr) | 8 (0.1–35) |
Previous intestinal resection | 34 (36.2) |
Location | |
L1 | 23 (24.5) |
L2 | 18 (19.1) |
L3 | 53 (56.4) |
Behavior | |
B1: Inflammatory | 13 (13.8) |
B2: Stricturing | 40 (42.6) |
B3: Penetrating | 41 (43.6) |
Active anal disease | 13 (13.8) |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.1 (7.3–16.9) |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.086 (0.008–6.889) |
Albumin (g/dL) (n = 93) | 4.3 (2.4–5.2) |
Platelet count (× 104 μL) | 24.5 (11.5–39.9) |
ESR (mm/hr) (n = 71) | 7.0 (0.2–62.2) |
LRG (μg/mL) | 12.2 (6.6–41.7) |
Concomitant medication | |
5-ASA | 66 (70.2) |
Oral | 64 (68.1) |
Enema | 2 (2.1) |
Oral prednisolone | 4 (4.3) |
Thiopurine | 31 (33.0) |
AZA | 28 (29.8) |
Range of daily dose | 25–125 |
6-MP | 3 (3.2) |
Range of daily dose | 15–30 |
Biologics | 73 (77.7) |
Anti-TNF agent | 52 (55.3) |
Ustekinumab | 21 (22.3) |
LRG (n = 94) | CRP (n = 94) | ESR (n = 71) | Albumin (n = 93) | Platelet count (n = 94) | Hemoglobin (n = 94) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LRG | 0.79 | 0.71 | –0.70 | 0.40 | –0.49 | |
95% CI | 0.69 to 0.85 | 0.58 to 0.81 | –0.79 to –0.57 | 0.21 to 0.55 | –0.63 to –0.32 | |
P-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
CRP | 0.63 | –0.50 | 0.23 | –0.30 | ||
95% CI | 0.47 to 0.75 | –0.64 to –0.33 | 0.033 to 0.42 | –0.48 to –0.11 | ||
P-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.023 | 0.003 | ||
ESR | –0.61 | 0.42 | –0.54 | |||
95% CI | –0.74 to –0.44 | 0.21 to 0.59 | –0.69 to –0.35 | |||
P-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
Albumin | –0.30 | 0.50 | ||||
95% CI | –0.48 to –0.11 | 0.33 to 0.64 | ||||
P-value | 0.003 | < 0.001 | ||||
Platelet count | –0.24 | |||||
95% CI | –0.42 to –0.04 | |||||
P-value | 0.022 |
Variable | Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
Sex | 0.383 | |||
Age | 0.097 | |||
Duration of disease | 0.173 | |||
LRG | 1.11 (1.05–1.17) | < 0.001 | 1.16 (1.02–1.31) | 0.021 |
CRP | 2.03 (1.18–3.11) | 0.003 | 0.86 (0.36–2.15) | 0.730 |
ESR | 0.269 | |||
Albumin | 0.32 (0.13–0.81) | 0.013 | 1.80 (0.44–8.60) | 0.435 |
Platelet count | 1.11 (1.04–1.18) | 0.001 | 1.06 (0.98–1.13) | 0.124 |
Hemoglobin | 0.263 |
Additional or modification of medications | No. |
---|---|
5-ASA increase dose | 3 |
Steroids | 5 |
Antibiotics | 3 |
Biologics | 8 |
Anti-TNF agent, start | 1 |
Anti-TNF agent, increased dose | 2 |
Vedolizumab | 1 |
Ustekinumab | 4 |
Endoscopic dilation | 3 |
Seton, drainage | 4 |
Values are presented as number (%) or median (range). CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; LRG, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein; 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; AZA, azathioprine; 6-MP, 6-mercaptopurine; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
LRG, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CI, confidence interval.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; LRG, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.