1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
2Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
3Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
4Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
5Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
6Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
7Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
© 2025 Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Funding Source
This work was supported by a grant from the National Taiwan University Hospital (MS507).
Conflict of Interest
Wei SC has consultancy and advisory role for Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc., Janssen, and Pfizer; honoraria from AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Cornerstone, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc., Janssen, Pfizer, Takeda, and Tanabe; and grant/research funding from Takeda. All other authors disclose no relevant relationships.
Wei SC is an editorial board member of the journal but was not involved in the peer reviewer selection, evaluation, or decision process of this article. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
Data Availability Statement
The anonymized data can be obtained from the corresponding author on a reasonable request.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization; Methodology; Resources; Funding acquisition: Wei SC. Project administration: Lin CC, Hsu WH, Chiang FF, Lin WC, Wei SC. Data curation: Lin CC, Hsu WH, Chiang FF, Lin WC, Wei SC, Hsu TC. Software: Chang CW. Formal analysis: Wu DC, Wang HY, Chang CW, Wong JM, Hsu TC. Visualization: Lin CC, Hsu WH, Chiang FF, Lin WC, Chang CW. Supervision: Wu DC, Wang HY, Chang CW, Wong JM, Hsu TC. Writing original draft: Lin CC, Hsu WH, Chiang FF, Lin WC, Wei SC. Writing - review & editing: Wu DC, Hsu TC, Wang HY, Chang CW, Wong JM, Wei SC. Approval of final manuscript: all authors.
Characteristic | Value (n = 98) |
---|---|
Male sex | 65 (66.3) |
Smokers | 17 (17.3) |
Age of UC diagnosis (yr) | 46.7 ± 14.1 |
Age of ASUC onset (yr) | 54.4 ± 14.0 |
ASUC as initial presentation | 41 (41.8) |
Charlson Comorbidity Index (score: 0/1/2/3/4) | 52/23/12/7/4 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.4 ± 3.4 |
UC location (E1/E2/E3) | 9/21/68 |
Previous drug exposure | |
Steroid | 21 (21.4) |
Azathioprine | 5 (5.1) |
Biologics | 6 (6.1) |
Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity | 6.6 ± 0.9 |
Mayo endoscopic subscore | 2.7 ± 0.1 |
Initial lab at admission | |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 10.4 ± 8.9 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.3 ± 0.6 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.8 ± 2.3 |
White blood cell (103/μL) | 12.4 ± 6.8 |
Platelet (103/μL) | 376.7 ± 154.2 |
Clostridium difficile infection | 7 (7.1) |
Cytomegalovirus infection | 6 (6.1) |
Toxin megacolon | 7 (7.1) |
Extraintestinal manifestations | 6 (6.1) |
Hospitalization duration (day) | 19.8 ± 14.3 |
Time to surgery (day) | 11.9 ± 9.1 |
Colectomy | 11 (11.2) |
Mortality | 1 (1.0) |
Variable | Responded (n = 57) | Non-responded (n = 20) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 39 (68.4) | 12 (60.0) | 0.745 |
Age of UC diagnosis (yr) | 42.9 ± 14.1 | 45.7 ± 15.6 | 0.527 |
Age of ASUC onset (yr) | 45.9 ± 13.9 | 52.4 ± 13.3 | 0.060 |
ASUC as initial presentation | 28 (49.1) | 5 (25.0) | 0.093 |
Smokers | 9 (15.8) | 4 (20.0) | 0.494 |
Comorbidity (> 2) | 4 (7.0) | 1 (5.0) | 0.802 |
UC location (E1/E2/E3) | 3/17/37 | 1-2-17 | 0.178 |
Hospitalization duration (day) | 16.9 ± 10.3 | 26.4 ± 13.8 | 0.004 |
Mayo endoscopic subscore | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 0.130 |
UCEIS | 6.5 ± 1.8 | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 0.408 |
Initial laboratory at admission | |||
CRP (mg/dL) | 9.9 ± 7.1 | 9.3 ± 6.1 | 0.913 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 0.730 |
Albumin/CRP | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 1.5 | 0.919 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.9 ± 2.4 | 10.5 ± 1.8 | 0.519 |
White blood cell (103/μL) | 13.2 ± 7.2 | 9.7 ± 3.6 | 0.031 |
Platelet (103/μL) | 379 ± 152 | 388 ± 166 | 0.658 |
Clostridium difficile infection | 5 (8.8) | 1 (5.0) | 0.611 |
Cytomegalovirus infection | 2 (3.5) | 3 (15.0) | 0.058 |
Concomitant medication | |||
5-Aminosalicylic acid | 52 (91.2) | 18 (90.0) | 0.504 |
Azathioprine | 10 (17.5) | 5 (25.0) | 0.386 |
Characteristic | Colectomy (n = 11) | Non-colectomy (n = 87) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 11 (100) | 54 (62.1) | 0.012 |
Age of UC diagnosis (yr) | 52.7 ± 11.4 | 44.7 ± 14.5 | 0.089 |
Age of ASUC onset (yr) | 59.8 ± 10.0 | 48.1 ± 14.1 | 0.016 |
ASUC as initial presentation | 3 (27.3) | 38 (43.7) | 0.299 |
Smokers | 4 (36.4) | 13 (14.9) | 0.156 |
Comorbidity (> 2) | 1 (9.1) | 10 (11.5) | 0.812 |
UC location (E1/E2/E3) | 1/0/10 | 8-21-58 | 0.175 |
Previous drug exposure | |||
Steroid | 3 (27.2) | 18 (20.7) | 0.620 |
Azathioprine | 0 | 4 (4.6) | 0.420 |
Biologics | 1 (9.1) | 5 (5.7) | 0.793 |
Hospitalization duration (day) | 34.8 ± 14.6 | 17.0 ± 11.3 | < 0.001 |
Mayo endoscopic subscore | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 0.574 |
UCEIS | 7.0 ± 0.7 | 7.0 ± 0.6 | 0.905 |
Initial laboratory at admission | |||
CRP (mg/dL) | 18.5 ± 15.6 | 9.2 ± 7.1 | 0.035 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 0.017 |
Albumin/CRP | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 1.6 | 0.016 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.4 ± 1.8 | 10.9 ± 2.3 | 0.023 |
White blood cell (103/μL) | 11.6 ± 5.4 | 12.5 ± 6.9 | 0.978 |
Platelet (103/μL) | 309.1 ± 144.6 | 384.2 ± 154.2 | 0.147 |
Toxin megacolon | 6 (54.5) | 1 (1.1) | < 0.001 |
Clostridium difficile infection | 0 | 7 (8.0) | 0.343 |
Cytomegalovirus infection | 2 (18.2) | 4 (4.6) | 0.204 |
Concomitant medication | |||
IV steroid | 5 (45.5) | 72 (82.8) | 0.004 |
5-Aminosalicylic acid | 8 (72.7) | 77 (88.5) | 0.146 |
Azathioprine | 1 (9.1) | 16 (18.4) | 0.443 |
Biologics | 1 (9.1) | 7 (8.0) | 0.915 |
Characteristic | Recurrent (n = 13) | Nonrecurrent (n = 73) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 9 (69.2) | 45 (61.6) | 0.607 |
Smokers | 4 (30.8) | 9 (12.3) | 0.089 |
Age of UC diagnosis (yr) | 45.3 ± 11.1 | 44.2 ± 14.7 | 0.809 |
Age of ASUC onset (yr) | 48.4 ± 9.3 | 47.4 ± 14.4 | 0.995 |
Follow-up duration (mo) | 74.2 ± 26.3 | 40.9 ± 31.8 | 0.002 |
Comorbidity (> 2) | 1 (7.7) | 8 (10.9) | 0.723 |
UC location (E1/E2/E3) | 3/2/8 | 5-19-49 | 0.158 |
Previous drug exposure | |||
5-Aminosalicylic acid | 13 (100) | 65 (89.0) | 0.215 |
Azathioprine | 5 (38.5) | 12 (16.4) | 0.068 |
Steroid | 11 (84.6) | 59 (80.8) | 0.750 |
Steroid depend | 4 (30.8) | 23 (31.5) | 0.959 |
Biologics | 3 (23.1) | 20 (27.4) | 0.749 |
Biologics for initial ASUC | 2 (14.3) | 11 (15.2) | 0.977 |
Previous infection | |||
Clostridium difficile infection | 2 (15.3) | 5 (6.8) | 0.300 |
Cytomegalovirus infection | 3 (23.1) | 2 (2.7) | 0.004 |
Characteristic | Pre-biologic era (n = 31) | Post-biologic era (n = 67) | Univariate P-value | Multivariate P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 24 (77.4) | 41 (61.2) | 0.114 | 0.140 |
Age of UC diagnosis (yr) | 49.1 ± 14.9 | 44.1 ± 14.0 | 0.123 | 0.429 |
Age of index ASUC onset (yr) | 59.5 ± 14.9 | 46.0 ± 13.3 | 0.077 | 0.920 |
ASUC as initial presentation | 18 (58.1) | 23 (34.3) | 0.027 | 0.078 |
Smokers | 5 (16.1) | 12 (17.9) | 0.829 | 0.859 |
Comorbidity (> 2) | 6 (19.3) | 5 (7.4) | 0.083 | 0.848 |
UC location (E1/E2/E3) | 3/7/21 | 6-14-47 | 0.972 | 0.589 |
Previous drug exposure | ||||
Steroid | 6 (19.4) | 15 (22.4) | 0.734 | 0.244 |
Azathioprine | 1 (3.2) | 4 (6.0) | 0.566 | 0.345 |
Hospitalization duration (day) | 20.0 ± 14.0 | 19.7 ± 14.1 | 0.927 | 0.945 |
Mayo endoscopic subscore | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 0.104 | 0.338 |
UCEIS | 6.2 ± 2.1 | 6.9 ± 1.5 | 0.212 | 0.780 |
Initial laboratory at admission | ||||
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 11.9 ± 8.3 | 9.6 ± 9.1 | 0.251 | 0.290 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 0.174 | 0.421 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.5 ± 2.0 | 10.8 ± 2.4 | 0.314 | 0.397 |
White blood cell (103/μL) | 12.1 ± 6.8 | 12.5 ± 6.8 | 0.691 | 0.782 |
Platelet (103/μL) | 354.9 ± 165.1 | 385.0 ± 149.5 | 0.535 | 0.421 |
IV steroid treatment | 14 (45.2) | 63 (94.0) | < 0.001 | 0.823 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation. ASUC, acute sever ulcerative colitis; UC, ulcerative colitis; E1, proctitis; E2, left side colitis; E3, pancolitis.
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation. IV, intravenous; ASUC, acute severe ulcerative colitis; UC, ulcerative colitis; E1, proctitis; E2, left side colitis; E3, pancolitis; UCEIS, Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity; CRP, C-reactive protein.
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation. ASUC, acute severe ulcerative colitis; UC, ulcerative colitis; E1, proctitis; E2, left side colitis; E3, pancolitis; UCEIS, Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity; CRP, C-reactive protein; IV, intravenous.
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation. ASUC, acute severe ulcerative colitis; UC, ulcerative colitis; E1, proctitis; E2, left side colitis; E3, pancolitis.
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation. ASUC, acute severe ulcerative colitis; UC, ulcerative colitis; E1, proctitis; E2, left side colitis; E3, pancolitis; UCEIS, Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity; IV, intravenous.