1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mediplex Sejong Hospital, Incheon, Korea
2The Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
3Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
4Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
© Copyright 2019. Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases. All rights reserved.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION
Kim JY and Choi S analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript as first authors. Park DI organized and supervised the study as corresponding author. Jung YS, Park JH, Kim SK, and Kim HJ collected and arranged the data. Cho YK, Sohn CI, and Jeon WK attended to analyze the data. Park T supported the statistical analysis. Kim BI attended to revise the manuscript. Choi KY attended to make study concept and design. Approval of final manuscript: all authors.
Characteristic | Derivation cohort (n=41,702) | Validation cohort (n=17,873) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 38.9±5.3 | 38.9±5.4 | 0.878 |
<30 | 345 (0.8) | 163 (0.9) | |
30-39 | 21,776 (52.2) | 9,397 (52.6) | |
40-49 | 19,581 (47.0) | 8,313 (46.5) | |
Sex | 0.679 | ||
Female | 11,933 (28.6) | 5,145 (28.8) | |
Male | 29,769 (71.4) | 12,728 (71.2) | |
Alcohol drinking | |||
No | 12,878 (30.9) | 5,563 (31.1) | |
Non-heavy drinker | 27,548 (66.0) | 11,741 (65.7) | 0.495 |
Heavy drinkera | 1,276 (3.1) | 569 (3.2) | 0.566 |
Smoking | |||
Never | 23,091 (55.4) | 9,864 (55.2) | |
Former smoker | 6,646 (15.9) | 2,927 (16.4) | 0.231 |
Current smoker | 11,965 (28.7) | 5,082 (28.4) | 0.789 |
Family history of colorectal cancer | 0.445 | ||
No | 40,242 (96.5) | 17,224 (96.4) | |
Yes | 1,460 (3.5) | 649 (3.6) | |
Exercise | 0.608 | ||
No | 18,436 (44.2) | 7,860 (44.0) | |
Yesb | 23,266 (55.8) | 10,013 (56.0) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8±3.2 | 23.8±3.2 | 0.820 |
Obesity | 0.578 | ||
No | 27,757 (66.6) | 11,939 (66.8) | |
Yesc | 13,945 (33.4) | 5,934 (33.2) | |
Diabetes | 0.247 | ||
No | 32,605 (78.2) | 14,051 (78.6) | |
Yes | 9,097 (21.8) | 3,822 (21.4) | |
Insulin (μIU/mL) | 5.1±3.3 | 5.1±3.3 | 0.952 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.6±0.5 | 5.6±0.4 | 0.363 |
<6.5 | 40,681 (97.5) | 17,413 (97.4) | |
≥6.5 | 1,021 (2.5) | 460 (2.6) | |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 92.9±13.7 | 92.9±13.7 | 0.565 |
<100 | 33,472 (80.3) | 14,383 (80.5) | |
≥100 | 8,230 (19.7) | 3,490 (19.5) | |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 199.8±34.2 | 199.0±34.5 | 0.053 |
<200 | 19,189 (46.0) | 9,465 (53.0) | |
≥200 | 22,513 (54.0) | 8,408 (47.0) | |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 55.1±13.7 | 55.3±13.9 | 0.065 |
≥40 (male), ≥50 (female) | 35,602 (85.4) | 15,287 (85.5) | |
<40 (male), <50 (female) | 6,100 (14.6) | 2,586 (14.5) | |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 124.0±31.7 | 124.3±31.82 | 0.296 |
<100 | 9,441 (22.6) | 4,071 (22.8) | |
≥100 | 32,261 (77.4) | 13,802 (77.2) | |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 115.1±76.2 | 115.7±78.1 | 0.375 |
≤150 | 32,712 (78.4) | 13,962 (78.1) | |
>150 | 8,990 (21.6) | 3,911 (21.9) | |
SBP (mmHg) | 113.0±12.9 | 112.9±12.9 | 0.799 |
DBP (mmHg) | 72.3±9.6 | 72.3±9.5 | 0.943 |
ACRN | 0.999 | ||
No | 41,309 (99.1) | 17,704 (99.1) | |
Yes | 393 (0.9) | 169 (0.9) | |
Colorectal cancer | 0.999 | ||
No | 41,684 (99.96) | 17,866 (99.96) | |
Yes | 18 (0.04) | 7 (0.04) |
Variable | Total cohort | ACRN (n=393) | Non-ACRN (n=41,309) | Univariate analysis P-value | Multivariate analysis P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 41.1±5.0 | 38.9±5.3 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Sex | 0.016 | 0.164 | |||
Female | 11,933 | 91 (0.8) | 11,842 (99.2) | ||
Male | 29,769 | 302 (1.0) | 29,467 (99.0) | ||
Alcohol | |||||
No | 12,878 | 141 (1.1) | 12,737 (98.9) | ||
Non-heavy drinker | 27,548 | 240 (0.9) | 27,308 (99.1) | 0.030 | 0.005 |
Heavy drinkera | 1,276 | 12 (0.9) | 1,264 (99.1) | 0.611 | 0.209 |
Smoking | |||||
Never | 23,091 | 204 (0.9) | 22,887 (99.1) | ||
Former smoker | 6,646 | 49 (0.7) | 6,597 (99.3) | 0.254 | 0.330 |
Current smoker | 11,965 | 140 (1.2) | 11,825 (98.8) | 0.010 | 0.009 |
Family history of colorectal cancer | 0.537 | 0.991 | |||
No | 40,242 | 377 (0.9) | 39,865 (99.1) | ||
Yes | 1,460 | 16 (1.1) | 1,444 (98.9) | ||
Exercise | 0.592 | 0.798 | |||
No | 18,436 | 179 (1.0) | 18,257 (99.0) | ||
Yesb | 23,266 | 214 (0.9) | 23,052 (99.1) | ||
Obesity | <0.001 | 0.114 | |||
No | 27,757 | 227 (0.8) | 27,530 (99.2) | ||
Yesc | 13,945 | 166 (1.2) | 13,779 (98.8) | ||
Diabetes | <0.001 | 0.678 | |||
No | 32,605 | 269 (0.8) | 32,336 (99.2) | ||
Yes | 9,097 | 124 (1.4) | 8,973 (98.6) | ||
Insulin (FB) | 5.6±3.4 | 5.1±3.3 | 0.003 | 0.750 | |
HbA1c ≥6.5% | <0.001 | 0.015 | |||
No | 40,681 | 367 (0.9) | 40,314 (99.1) | ||
Yes | 1,021 | 26 (2.5) | 995 (97.5) | ||
Glucose ≥100 (mg/dL) | <0.001 | 0.262 | |||
No | 33,472 | 277 (0.8) | 33,195 (99.2) | ||
Yes | 8,230 | 116 (1.4) | 8,114 (98.6) | ||
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 204.4±35.4 | 198.4±34.2 | <0.001 | 0.413 | |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 53.3±12.9 | 55.1±13.7 | 0.008 | 0.501 | |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 129.4±31.8 | 124.0±31.7 | <0.001 | 0.242 | |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 130.6±85.9 | 115.0±76.1 | <0.001 | 0.255 | |
SBP (mmHg) | 113.0±13.4 | 113.0±12.9 | 0.890 | 0.698 | |
DBP (mmHg) | 72.2±9.7 | 72.3±9.6 | 0.325 | 0.469 |
Variable | Coefficients | OR (95% CI) | P-value | Points assigned |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Female | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
Male | 0.1996 | 1.22 (0.95–1.56) | 0.113 | 1 |
Age (yr) | ||||
<40 | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
40–49 | 0.7142 | 2.04 (1.66–2.52) | <0.001 | 3 |
Alcohol | ||||
Never or non-heavy drinker | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
Heavy drinkera | 0.3394 | 1.40 (1.13–1.74) | 0.002 | 1 |
Smoking | ||||
Never or former smoker | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
Current smoker | 0.3443 | 1.41 (1.14–1.75) | 0.002 | 1 |
Obesity | ||||
No | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
Yesb | 0.2543 | 1.29 (1.04–1.59) | 0.018 | 1 |
HbA1c ≥6.5% or glucose ≥100 mg/dL | ||||
No | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
Yes | 0.4377 | 1.55 (1.24–1.93) | <0.001 | 2 |
Family history of colorectal cancer | ||||
No | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
Yes | 0.0843 | 1.09 (0.66–1.80) | 0.743 | 1 |
Values are presented as number (%).
APCS, Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening; KCS, Korean Colorectal Screening; YCS, Young adult Colorectal Screening; ACRN, advanced colorectal neoplasm.
APCS score risk category: low (0-1), moderate (2-3), high (4-7); KCS score risk category: low (0-1), moderate (2-3), high (4-8); YCS score risk category: low (0-4), moderate (5-7), high (8-10).
Characteristic | Derivation cohort (n=41,702) | Validation cohort (n=17,873) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 38.9±5.3 | 38.9±5.4 | 0.878 |
<30 | 345 (0.8) | 163 (0.9) | |
30-39 | 21,776 (52.2) | 9,397 (52.6) | |
40-49 | 19,581 (47.0) | 8,313 (46.5) | |
Sex | 0.679 | ||
Female | 11,933 (28.6) | 5,145 (28.8) | |
Male | 29,769 (71.4) | 12,728 (71.2) | |
Alcohol drinking | |||
No | 12,878 (30.9) | 5,563 (31.1) | |
Non-heavy drinker | 27,548 (66.0) | 11,741 (65.7) | 0.495 |
Heavy drinker |
1,276 (3.1) | 569 (3.2) | 0.566 |
Smoking | |||
Never | 23,091 (55.4) | 9,864 (55.2) | |
Former smoker | 6,646 (15.9) | 2,927 (16.4) | 0.231 |
Current smoker | 11,965 (28.7) | 5,082 (28.4) | 0.789 |
Family history of colorectal cancer | 0.445 | ||
No | 40,242 (96.5) | 17,224 (96.4) | |
Yes | 1,460 (3.5) | 649 (3.6) | |
Exercise | 0.608 | ||
No | 18,436 (44.2) | 7,860 (44.0) | |
Yes |
23,266 (55.8) | 10,013 (56.0) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8±3.2 | 23.8±3.2 | 0.820 |
Obesity | 0.578 | ||
No | 27,757 (66.6) | 11,939 (66.8) | |
Yes |
13,945 (33.4) | 5,934 (33.2) | |
Diabetes | 0.247 | ||
No | 32,605 (78.2) | 14,051 (78.6) | |
Yes | 9,097 (21.8) | 3,822 (21.4) | |
Insulin (μIU/mL) | 5.1±3.3 | 5.1±3.3 | 0.952 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.6±0.5 | 5.6±0.4 | 0.363 |
<6.5 | 40,681 (97.5) | 17,413 (97.4) | |
≥6.5 | 1,021 (2.5) | 460 (2.6) | |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 92.9±13.7 | 92.9±13.7 | 0.565 |
<100 | 33,472 (80.3) | 14,383 (80.5) | |
≥100 | 8,230 (19.7) | 3,490 (19.5) | |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 199.8±34.2 | 199.0±34.5 | 0.053 |
<200 | 19,189 (46.0) | 9,465 (53.0) | |
≥200 | 22,513 (54.0) | 8,408 (47.0) | |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 55.1±13.7 | 55.3±13.9 | 0.065 |
≥40 (male), ≥50 (female) | 35,602 (85.4) | 15,287 (85.5) | |
<40 (male), <50 (female) | 6,100 (14.6) | 2,586 (14.5) | |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 124.0±31.7 | 124.3±31.82 | 0.296 |
<100 | 9,441 (22.6) | 4,071 (22.8) | |
≥100 | 32,261 (77.4) | 13,802 (77.2) | |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 115.1±76.2 | 115.7±78.1 | 0.375 |
≤150 | 32,712 (78.4) | 13,962 (78.1) | |
>150 | 8,990 (21.6) | 3,911 (21.9) | |
SBP (mmHg) | 113.0±12.9 | 112.9±12.9 | 0.799 |
DBP (mmHg) | 72.3±9.6 | 72.3±9.5 | 0.943 |
ACRN | 0.999 | ||
No | 41,309 (99.1) | 17,704 (99.1) | |
Yes | 393 (0.9) | 169 (0.9) | |
Colorectal cancer | 0.999 | ||
No | 41,684 (99.96) | 17,866 (99.96) | |
Yes | 18 (0.04) | 7 (0.04) |
Variable | Total cohort | ACRN (n=393) | Non-ACRN (n=41,309) | Univariate analysis P-value | Multivariate analysis P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 41.1±5.0 | 38.9±5.3 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Sex | 0.016 | 0.164 | |||
Female | 11,933 | 91 (0.8) | 11,842 (99.2) | ||
Male | 29,769 | 302 (1.0) | 29,467 (99.0) | ||
Alcohol | |||||
No | 12,878 | 141 (1.1) | 12,737 (98.9) | ||
Non-heavy drinker | 27,548 | 240 (0.9) | 27,308 (99.1) | 0.030 | 0.005 |
Heavy drinker |
1,276 | 12 (0.9) | 1,264 (99.1) | 0.611 | 0.209 |
Smoking | |||||
Never | 23,091 | 204 (0.9) | 22,887 (99.1) | ||
Former smoker | 6,646 | 49 (0.7) | 6,597 (99.3) | 0.254 | 0.330 |
Current smoker | 11,965 | 140 (1.2) | 11,825 (98.8) | 0.010 | 0.009 |
Family history of colorectal cancer | 0.537 | 0.991 | |||
No | 40,242 | 377 (0.9) | 39,865 (99.1) | ||
Yes | 1,460 | 16 (1.1) | 1,444 (98.9) | ||
Exercise | 0.592 | 0.798 | |||
No | 18,436 | 179 (1.0) | 18,257 (99.0) | ||
Yes |
23,266 | 214 (0.9) | 23,052 (99.1) | ||
Obesity | <0.001 | 0.114 | |||
No | 27,757 | 227 (0.8) | 27,530 (99.2) | ||
Yes |
13,945 | 166 (1.2) | 13,779 (98.8) | ||
Diabetes | <0.001 | 0.678 | |||
No | 32,605 | 269 (0.8) | 32,336 (99.2) | ||
Yes | 9,097 | 124 (1.4) | 8,973 (98.6) | ||
Insulin (FB) | 5.6±3.4 | 5.1±3.3 | 0.003 | 0.750 | |
HbA1c ≥6.5% | <0.001 | 0.015 | |||
No | 40,681 | 367 (0.9) | 40,314 (99.1) | ||
Yes | 1,021 | 26 (2.5) | 995 (97.5) | ||
Glucose ≥100 (mg/dL) | <0.001 | 0.262 | |||
No | 33,472 | 277 (0.8) | 33,195 (99.2) | ||
Yes | 8,230 | 116 (1.4) | 8,114 (98.6) | ||
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 204.4±35.4 | 198.4±34.2 | <0.001 | 0.413 | |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 53.3±12.9 | 55.1±13.7 | 0.008 | 0.501 | |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 129.4±31.8 | 124.0±31.7 | <0.001 | 0.242 | |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 130.6±85.9 | 115.0±76.1 | <0.001 | 0.255 | |
SBP (mmHg) | 113.0±13.4 | 113.0±12.9 | 0.890 | 0.698 | |
DBP (mmHg) | 72.2±9.7 | 72.3±9.6 | 0.325 | 0.469 |
Variable | Coefficients | OR (95% CI) | P-value | Points assigned |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Female | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
Male | 0.1996 | 1.22 (0.95–1.56) | 0.113 | 1 |
Age (yr) | ||||
<40 | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
40–49 | 0.7142 | 2.04 (1.66–2.52) | <0.001 | 3 |
Alcohol | ||||
Never or non-heavy drinker | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
Heavy drinker |
0.3394 | 1.40 (1.13–1.74) | 0.002 | 1 |
Smoking | ||||
Never or former smoker | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
Current smoker | 0.3443 | 1.41 (1.14–1.75) | 0.002 | 1 |
Obesity | ||||
No | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
Yes |
0.2543 | 1.29 (1.04–1.59) | 0.018 | 1 |
HbA1c ≥6.5% or glucose ≥100 mg/dL | ||||
No | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
Yes | 0.4377 | 1.55 (1.24–1.93) | <0.001 | 2 |
Family history of colorectal cancer | ||||
No | 1 (Reference) | 0 | ||
Yes | 0.0843 | 1.09 (0.66–1.80) | 0.743 | 1 |
Risk score | APCS score |
KCS score |
YCS score |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | ACRN | Total | ACRN | Total | ACRN | |
Derivation cohort | ||||||
0 | 9,151 | 71 (0.8) | 7,935 | 58 (0.7) | 2,088 | 14 (0.7) |
1 | 21,840 | 188 (0.9) | 15,092 | 100 (0.7) | 6,344 | 20 (0.3) |
2 | 9,629 | 122 (1.3) | 14,120 | 183 (1.3) | 6,776 | 38 (0.6) |
3 | 772 | 6 (0.8) | 4,413 | 50 (1.1) | 5,794 | 54 (0.9) |
4 | 310 | 6 (1.9) | 142 | 2 (1.4) | 7,049 | 50 (0.7) |
5 | 6,710 | 90 (1.3) | ||||
6 | 3,609 | 55 (1.5) | ||||
7 | 2,108 | 50 (2.4) | ||||
8 | 1,094 | 18 (1.6) | ||||
9 | 128 | 4 (3.1) | ||||
10 | 2 | 0 | ||||
Validation cohort | ||||||
0 | 3,943 | 26 (0.7) | 3,406 | 22 (0.6) | 931 | 4 (0.4) |
1 | 9,360 | 72 (0.8) | 6,476 | 37 (0.6) | 2,745 | 8 (0.3) |
2 | 4,080 | 57 (1.4) | 6,111 | 80 (1.3) | 2,984 | 16 (0.5) |
3 | 372 | 8 (2.2) | 1,825 | 27 (1.5) | 2,428 | 23 (0.9) |
4 | 118 | 6 (5.1) | 55 | 3 (5.5) | 3,011 | 22 (0.7) |
5 | 2,804 | 39 (1.4) | ||||
6 | 1,508 | 25 (1.7) | ||||
7 | 933 | 14 (1.5) | ||||
8 | 456 | 16 (3.5) | ||||
9 | 71 | 2 (2.8) | ||||
10 | 2 | 0 |
Risk | APCS score |
KCS score |
YCS score |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | ACRN | OR (95% CI) | Total | ACRN | OR (95% CI) | Total | ACRN | OR (95% CI) | |
Derivation cohort | |||||||||
Average | 30,991 (74.4) | 259 (0.8) | Reference | 23,027 (55.3) | 158 (0.7) | Reference | 28,051 (67.3) | 176 (0.6) | Reference |
Moderate | 10,401 (24.9) | 128 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 18,533 (44.4) | 233 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.5–2.3) | 12,427 (29.8) | 195 (1.6) | 2.5 (2.1–3.1) |
High | 310 (0.7) | 6 (1.9) | 2.3 (1.0–5.3) | 142 (0.3) | 2 (1.4) | 2.1 (0.5–8.4) | 1,224 (2.9) | 22 (1.8) | 2.9 (1.9–4.5) |
Total | 41,702 (100.0) | 393 (0.9) | 41,702 (100.0) | 393 (0.9) | 41,702 (100.0) | 393 (0.9) | |||
Validation cohort | |||||||||
Low | 13,303 (74.4) | 98 (0.7) | Reference | 9,882 (55.3) | 59 (0.6) | Reference | 12,099 (67.7) | 73 (0.6) | Reference |
Moderate | 4,452 (24.9) | 65 (1.5) | 2.0 (1.5–2.7) | 7,936 (44.4) | 107 (1.3) | 2.3 (1.7–3.1) | 5,245 (29.3) | 78 (1.5) | 2.5 (1.8–3.4) |
High | 118 (0.7) | 6 (5.1) | 7.2 (3.1–16.8) | 55 (0.3) | 3 (5.5) | 9.6 (2.9–31.6) | 529 (3.0) | 18 (3.4) | 5.8 (3.4–9.8) |
Total | 17,873 (100.0) | 169 (0.9) | 17,873 (100.0) | 169 (0.9) | 17,873 (100.0) | 169 (0.9) |
APCS score | KCS score | YCS score | |
---|---|---|---|
HR vs. MR+LR | |||
Sensitivity | 3.6 | 1.8 | 10.7 |
Specificity | 99.4 | 99.7 | 97.1 |
Balanced accuracy | 51.5 | 50.7 | 53.9 |
MR+HR vs. LR | |||
Sensitivity | 42.0 | 65.1 | 56.8 |
Specificity | 74.6 | 55.5 | 67.9 |
Balanced accuracy | 58.3 | 60.3 | 62.4 |
HR vs. MR+LR |
HR+MR vs. LR |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Method1 | Method2 | Sensitivity | Specificity | Method1 | Method2 | Sensitivity | Specificity |
APCS | KCS | 0.248 | <0.001 | APCS | KCS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
APCS | YCS | 0.014 | <0.001 | APCS | YCS | 0.002 | <0.001 |
KCS | YCS | 0.001 | <0.001 | KCS | YCS | 0.052 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±SD or number (%). More than 4 times per week as heavy. More than once per week. BMI ≥25 kg/m2. HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ACRN, advanced colorectal neoplasm.
Values are presented as mean±SD or number (%). More than 4 times per week as heavy. More than once per week. BMI ≥25 kg/m2. ACRN, advanced colorectal neoplasm; FB, fasting blood; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.
More than 4 times per week as heavy. BMI ≥25 kg/m2. HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.
Values are presented as number (%). APCS, Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening; KCS, Korean Colorectal Screening; YCS, Young adult Colorectal Screening; ACRN, advanced colorectal neoplasm.
Values are presented as number (%). APCS, Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening; KCS, Korean Colorectal Screening; YCS, Young adult Colorectal Screening; ACRN, advanced colorectal neoplasm. APCS score risk category: low (0-1), moderate (2-3), high (4-7); KCS score risk category: low (0-1), moderate (2-3), high (4-8); YCS score risk category: low (0-4), moderate (5-7), high (8-10).
Values are presented as percentage. APCS, Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening; KCS, Korean Colorectal Screening; YCS, Young adult Colorectal Screening; HR, high risk; MR, moderate risk; LR, low risk.
HR, high risk; MR, moderate risk; LR, low risk; APCS, Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening; KCS, Korean Colorectal Screening; YCS, Young adult Colorectal Screening.