1Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
2Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
3Research and Development Centre, Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
© Copyright 2023. Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Funding Source
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Conflict of Interest
Sood A reports receiving honorarium for speaker events from Pfizer India and is an editorial board member of the journal but was not involved in the peer reviewer selection, evaluation, or decision process of this article. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
Data Availability Statement
Not applicable.
Author Contribution
Conceptualization: Singh A, Midha V, Sood A. Data curation: Singh A, Gupta YK, Dhaliwal AS, Kahlon BK, Bansal V, Singh D, Kaur R. Formal analysis: Singh A, Dhaliwal AS, Kahlon BK, Bansal V, Bansal N. Investigation: Singh A, Singh D, Kaur R, Sood A. Methodology: Singh A, Midha V, Sood A. Project administration: Midha V, Sood A. Resources: Singh A, Midha V, Sood A. Supervision: Midha V, Sood A. Visualization: Singh A, A Dhaliwal AS, Kahlon BK, Bansal V. Writing - original draft: Singh A, Gupta YK, Dhaliwal AS, Kahlon BK, Bansal V, Sood A. Writing - review & editing: Singh A, Gupta YK, Dhaliwal AS, Kahlon BK, Bansal V, Mahajan R, Mehta V, Singh D, Kaur R, Bansal N, Midha V, Sood A. Approval of final manuscript: all authors.
Characteristics | Value (n = 546) |
---|---|
Age (yr) | 40.33 ± 13.74 |
Male sex | 282 (51.64) |
Disease duration (yr) | 6.20 ± 6.67 |
Type of inflammatory bowel disease | |
Ulcerative colitis | 464 (84.98) |
Crohn’s disease | 82 (15.02) |
Ulcerative colitis (n = 464) | |
Disease extent | |
E1 | 56 (12.07) |
E2 | 331 (71.34) |
E3 | 77 (16.59) |
Partial Mayo Clinic score | 2.57 ± 2.04 |
>1 | 291 (62.71) |
≤1 | 173 (37.28) |
Crohn’s disease (n = 82) | |
Age at diagnosis < 17 yr | 6 (7.31) |
Age at diagnosis 17–40 yr | 40 (48.78) |
Age at diagnosis > 40 yr | 36 (43.90) |
Ileal disease | 38 (46.34) |
Colonic disease | 23 (28.04) |
Ileo-colonic disease | 18 (21.95) |
Upper gastrointestinal disease | 3 (3.65) |
Non penetrating, non stricturing disease | 41 (50.00) |
Stricturing disease | 33 (40.24) |
Penetrating disease | 8 (9.75) |
Perianal disease | 3 (3.65) |
Harvey Bradshaw Index | 3.54 ± 1.78 |
≥5 | 20 (24.39) |
<5 | 62 (75.60) |
Concomitant treatmenta | |
5-ASA | 502 (91.94) |
Thiopurines | 159 (29.12) |
Oral corticosteroids | 60 (10.98) |
Anti-TNF (infliximab/adalimumab) | 8 (1.46) |
Vedolizumab | 1 (0.18) |
Values are presnted as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
a Patients on combination therapies: 5-ASA+thiopurines (n=134, 24.54%); anti-TNF+thiopurines (n=5, 0.91%); vedolizumab+thiopurines (n=1, 0.18%).
E1, proctitis; E2, left sided colitis; E3, pancolitis; 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylates; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.
Variable |
Spearman’s rho |
Significance UC vs. CD |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All patients (n=546) | UC (n=464) | CD (n=82) | Z statistic | P-value | |
Abdominal pain | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.54 | –0.29 | 0.41 |
Joint pain | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.35 | 1.08 | 0.14 |
Sexual functions | 0.12 | 0.13 | NRa | NRa | NRa |
Body image | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.62 | –0.13 | 0.45 |
Emotions | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.78 | 0.91 | 0.18 |
Energy | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.68 | 1.78 | 0.04 |
Sleep | 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.55 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
Education & work | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.80 | –1.40 | 0.08 |
Interpersonal interactions | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.42 | 1.17 | 0.12 |
Regulating defecation | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.64 | –1.03 | 0.15 |
IBD-disk total score | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0 | 0.50 |
Variable |
Ulcerative colitis |
Crohn’s disease |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active disease Spearman’s rho (n=291) | Disease in remission Spearman’s rho (n=173) | z statistic | P-value | Active disease Spearman’s rho (n=20) | Disease in remission Spearman’s rho (n=62) | z statistic | P-value | |
Abdominal pain | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.26 | 0.40 | 0.67 | 0.46 | 1.14 | 0.13 |
Joint pain | 0.42 | 0.44 | –0.25 | 0.40 | 0.19 | 0.44 | –1.02 | 0.15 |
Sexual functions | 0.09 | 0.20 | –1.16 | 0.12 | NRa | NRa | ||
Body image | 0.56 | 0.60 | –0.62 | 0.27 | 0.72 | 0.54 | 1.10 | 0.14 |
Emotions | 0.80 | 0.81 | –0.29 | 0.38 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0 | 0.50 |
Energy | 0.70 | 0.80 | –2.39 | 0.01 | 0.47 | 0.73 | –1.52 | 0.06 |
Sleep | 0.58 | 0.52 | 0.89 | 0.19 | 0.69 | 0.54 | 0.89 | 0.19 |
Education & work | 0.66 | 0.70 | –0.77 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.74 | 1.90 | 0.03 |
Interpersonal interactions | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.87 | 0.21 | 0.32 | 0.46 | –0.60 | 0.27 |
Regulating defecation | 0.49 | 0.39 | 1.29 | 0.10 | 0.76 | 0.54 | 1.42 | 0.08 |
IBD-disk total score | 0.91 | 0.95 | –3.15 | 0.01 | 0.92 | 0.93 | –0.25 | 0.40 |
IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; SD, standard deviation; UC, ulcerative colitis; CD, Crohn’s disease; E1, proctitis; E2, left sided colitis; E3, pancolitis; L1, ileal disease; L2, colonic disease; L3, ileo-colonic disease; L4, upper gastrointestinal disease; B1, non stricturing non penetrating disease; B2, stricturing disease; B3, fistulising disease.
Characteristics | Value (n = 546) |
---|---|
Age (yr) | 40.33 ± 13.74 |
Male sex | 282 (51.64) |
Disease duration (yr) | 6.20 ± 6.67 |
Type of inflammatory bowel disease | |
Ulcerative colitis | 464 (84.98) |
Crohn’s disease | 82 (15.02) |
Ulcerative colitis (n = 464) | |
Disease extent | |
E1 | 56 (12.07) |
E2 | 331 (71.34) |
E3 | 77 (16.59) |
Partial Mayo Clinic score | 2.57 ± 2.04 |
>1 | 291 (62.71) |
≤1 | 173 (37.28) |
Crohn’s disease (n = 82) | |
Age at diagnosis < 17 yr | 6 (7.31) |
Age at diagnosis 17–40 yr | 40 (48.78) |
Age at diagnosis > 40 yr | 36 (43.90) |
Ileal disease | 38 (46.34) |
Colonic disease | 23 (28.04) |
Ileo-colonic disease | 18 (21.95) |
Upper gastrointestinal disease | 3 (3.65) |
Non penetrating, non stricturing disease | 41 (50.00) |
Stricturing disease | 33 (40.24) |
Penetrating disease | 8 (9.75) |
Perianal disease | 3 (3.65) |
Harvey Bradshaw Index | 3.54 ± 1.78 |
≥5 | 20 (24.39) |
<5 | 62 (75.60) |
Concomitant treatment |
|
5-ASA | 502 (91.94) |
Thiopurines | 159 (29.12) |
Oral corticosteroids | 60 (10.98) |
Anti-TNF (infliximab/adalimumab) | 8 (1.46) |
Vedolizumab | 1 (0.18) |
Variable | Spearman’s rho |
Significance UC vs. CD |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All patients (n=546) | UC (n=464) | CD (n=82) | Z statistic | P-value | |
Abdominal pain | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.54 | –0.29 | 0.41 |
Joint pain | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.35 | 1.08 | 0.14 |
Sexual functions | 0.12 | 0.13 | NR |
NR |
NRa |
Body image | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.62 | –0.13 | 0.45 |
Emotions | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.78 | 0.91 | 0.18 |
Energy | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.68 | 1.78 | 0.04 |
Sleep | 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.55 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
Education & work | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.80 | –1.40 | 0.08 |
Interpersonal interactions | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.42 | 1.17 | 0.12 |
Regulating defecation | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.64 | –1.03 | 0.15 |
IBD-disk total score | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0 | 0.50 |
Variable | Corrected item-total correlation | Cronbach’s α if item deleted |
---|---|---|
Abdominal pain | 0.48 | 0.81 |
Joint pain | 0.37 | 0.83 |
Sexual functions | 0.08 | 0.84 |
Body image | 0.54 | 0.81 |
Emotions | 0.73 | 0.78 |
Energy | 0.65 | 0.79 |
Sleep | 0.48 | 0.82 |
Education & work | 0.71 | 0.79 |
Interpersonal interactions | 0.49 | 0.82 |
Regulating defecation | 0.54 | 0.81 |
Variable | Ulcerative colitis |
Crohn’s disease |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active disease Spearman’s rho (n=291) | Disease in remission Spearman’s rho (n=173) | z statistic | P-value | Active disease Spearman’s rho (n=20) | Disease in remission Spearman’s rho (n=62) | z statistic | P-value | |
Abdominal pain | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.26 | 0.40 | 0.67 | 0.46 | 1.14 | 0.13 |
Joint pain | 0.42 | 0.44 | –0.25 | 0.40 | 0.19 | 0.44 | –1.02 | 0.15 |
Sexual functions | 0.09 | 0.20 | –1.16 | 0.12 | NR |
NR |
||
Body image | 0.56 | 0.60 | –0.62 | 0.27 | 0.72 | 0.54 | 1.10 | 0.14 |
Emotions | 0.80 | 0.81 | –0.29 | 0.38 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0 | 0.50 |
Energy | 0.70 | 0.80 | –2.39 | 0.01 | 0.47 | 0.73 | –1.52 | 0.06 |
Sleep | 0.58 | 0.52 | 0.89 | 0.19 | 0.69 | 0.54 | 0.89 | 0.19 |
Education & work | 0.66 | 0.70 | –0.77 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.74 | 1.90 | 0.03 |
Interpersonal interactions | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.87 | 0.21 | 0.32 | 0.46 | –0.60 | 0.27 |
Regulating defecation | 0.49 | 0.39 | 1.29 | 0.10 | 0.76 | 0.54 | 1.42 | 0.08 |
IBD-disk total score | 0.91 | 0.95 | –3.15 | 0.01 | 0.92 | 0.93 | –0.25 | 0.40 |
Characteristics | No. | IBD-disk total score |
IBD daily life burden |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | P-value | Mean ± SD | P-value | ||||
UC | 464 | 18.39 ± 15.29 | 0.99 | 2.45 ± 2.05 | 0.92 | ||
CD | 82 | 18.38 ± 14.97 | 2.43 ± 1.85 | ||||
Sex | 0.01 | < 0.001 | |||||
Male | 282 | 15.65 ± 13.84 | 2.09 ± 1.81 | ||||
Female | 264 | 21.27 ± 16.11 | 2.84 ± 2.16 | ||||
Disease duration | 0.65 | 0.99 | |||||
≤ 2 yr | 208 | 19.11 ± 14.68 | 2.46 ± 1.85 | ||||
2–5 yr | 120 | 17.58 ± 15.02 | 2.43 ± 2.04 | ||||
> 5 yr | 218 | 18.15 ± 15.89 | 2.44 ± 2.16 | ||||
Disease extent (UC) | 0.07 | 0.09 | |||||
E1 | 56 | 13.96 ± 14.32 | 1.89 ± 1.89 | ||||
E2 | 331 | 19.02 ± 14.89 | 2.53 ± 2.02 | ||||
E3 | 77 | 18.90 ± 17.25 | 2.49 ± 2.22 | ||||
Disease location (CD) | 0.87 | 0.57 | |||||
L1 | 38 | 17.82 ± 16.45 | 2.39 ± 1.91 | ||||
L2 | 23 | 18.70 ± 13.01 | 2.61 ± 2.15 | ||||
L3 | 18 | 20.11 ± 15.36 | 2.50 ± 1.38 | ||||
L4 | 3 | 12.67 ± 11.01 | 1.00 ± 1.00 | ||||
Disease behavior (CD) | 0.19 | 0.29 | |||||
B1 | 41 | 15.93 ± 11.00 | 2.17 ± 1.53 | ||||
B2 | 33 | 19.61 ± 15.98 | 2.55 ± 1.87 | ||||
B3 | 8 | 25.88 ± 25.07 | 3.25 ± 3.01 | ||||
Disease activity (UC) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
Partial Mayo Clinic score | |||||||
≤1 | 173 | 10.39 ± 11.17 | 1.50 ± 1.57 | ||||
2–4 | 200 | 19.28 ± 13.54 | 2.48 ± 1.78 | ||||
5–7 | 78 | 29.85 ± 14.77 | 4.00 ± 2.15 | ||||
>7 | 13 | 42.38 ± 19.50 | 5.31 ± 2.59 | ||||
Disease activity (CD) | 0.01 | 0.01 | |||||
Harvey Bradshaw Index | |||||||
<5 | 62 | 16.06 ± 13.20 | 1.97 ± 1.34 | ||||
5–7 | 17 | 22.18 ± 13.96 | 3.47 ± 2.30 | ||||
8–16 | 3 | 44.67 ± 29.67 | 6.00 ± 2.65 | ||||
> 16 | Nil | - | - |
Values are presnted as mean±standard deviation or number (%). Patients on combination therapies: 5-ASA+thiopurines (n=134, 24.54%); anti-TNF+thiopurines (n=5, 0.91%); vedolizumab+thiopurines (n=1, 0.18%). E1, proctitis; E2, left sided colitis; E3, pancolitis; 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylates; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.
All the patients reported a score of 0, hence no correlation coefficient value reported. IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; UC, ulcerative colitis; CD, Crohn’s disease.
All the patients reported a score of 0, hence no correlation coefficient value reported. IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; NR, not reported.
IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; SD, standard deviation; UC, ulcerative colitis; CD, Crohn’s disease; E1, proctitis; E2, left sided colitis; E3, pancolitis; L1, ileal disease; L2, colonic disease; L3, ileo-colonic disease; L4, upper gastrointestinal disease; B1, non stricturing non penetrating disease; B2, stricturing disease; B3, fistulising disease.